==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 1 of 11 Phrack Inc. Newsletter Issue XXVII Index ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ June 20, 1989 Greetings and welcome to Issue 27 of Phrack Inc. The pressure is on with SummerCon '89 just a couple short days away. We're sorry it has taken so long to get this issue out, but summer break has created more responsibilities and busy schedules than we have ever had to deal with while in school. Still, I think you will agree that this issue was worth the wait. This issue we feature a new updated NUA and Datex-P list from Oberdaemon of Switzerland and Chapter 7 of the Future Transcendent Saga (taking into account that the SPAN and NSFnet files were chapters 5 and 6). We also present the second part of the COSMOS file written by King Arthur. Before we get to the main contents of the issue, we have a few comments to make regarding security and Phrack Inc.'s Internet access; Thanks to a friend, we at Phrack Inc. have become aware of one of the main techniques that the National Security Agency (NSA) uses to perform surveillance on the wide area networks. In certain messages that certain government agencies distribute, special phone numbers are included; WATS (800) numbers, to be more specific. As these messages are distributed around the continent via various netmail and file transfer schemes, they are passed through several surveillance stations. All of their stations perform one function, and in Unix terms, that function is called "grep." Grep stands for G>lobal R>egular E>xpression search and P>rint. The grep does simple string matching. Every instance of these special 800-numbers in an email message (or batch of them) is flagged, recorded, and the record is mailed to certain intelligence agencies by the surveillance stations. Here are the networks that we are reasonably certain that this practice is performed on: * USEnet : Email is only checked in certain places, but ALL netnews (including alt and any other nonstandard newsgroups) are flagged by a single government domain SUN-3 that shall remain nameless. * ARPAnet : All mail going through a standard BBN (Bolt, Bernack, and Neumann... a Cambridge/MIT spinoff) Internet controller will be flagged, but the only information recorded by the controller is the source and destination TCP/IP addresses of the message. But when you consider that this involves ***ALL*** DARPA mailing lists, you get a visualization of the magnitude. The reason more complex information is NOT recorded is that this network is the only AUTHORIZED place that these messages with the hot WATS are supposed to appear. You will see what this means in a moment. * BITnet : Large IBM mainframe with I/O channel cycles to spare should have no problem scanning mail from one of the most publically accessable "free" networks. * Fidonet : The Secret Service scans this for credit card and other violations. It is not too hard for them to check for the (800)'s, too. * W.Union : All international telex lines are scanned to match a whole lot of stuff, especially drug-related information. The phone numbers are on their list. We have other suspicions, but we are withholding them for now. The other news is equally disturbing because it strikes us a little close to home. We are temporarily losing our network access. As of June 27, 1989 through August 28, 1989 we will not have access to our accounts on UMCVMB mainframe system. Make no attempt to mail us to our addresses there until August 28, 1989. However, every cloud has a silver lining and this is no exception. For networks people who wish to submit files to Phrack Inc. during this time period we proudly present our friend and associate, Hatchet Molly. He can be reached at "TK0GRM2@NIU.BITNET" and/or "TK0GRM2%NIU.BITNET@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU". So here is to another great issue of Phrack Inc! Taran King Knight Lightning Hatchet Molly TK0GRM2@NIU.BITNET TK0GRM2%NIU.BITNET@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU _______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Phrack Inc. XXVII Index by Taran King and Knight Lightning 2. Operating The IBM VM/SP CP by Taran King 3. Introduction To MIDNET: Chapter Seven Of The FTS by Knight Lightning 4. NUA List For Datex-P And X.25 Networks by Oberdaemon 5. COSMOS: COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS (Part Two) by King Arthur 6. Looking Around In DECnet by Deep Thought 7. The Making Of A Hacker by Framstag 8. Sending Fakemail In Unix by Dark OverLord 9. The Postal Inspection Service by Vendetta 10. Phrack World News XXVII/Part 1 by Knight Lightning 11. Phrack World News XXVII/Part 2 by Knight Lightning 12. Phrack World News XXVII/Part 3 by Knight Lightning _______________________________________________________________________________ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 2 of 12 Operating the IBM VM/SP CP (IBM Virtual Machine System Product Control Program) An information article researched by Taran King May 18, 1989 This article is for the purpose of understanding the Control Program (CP) portion of IBM's VM/SP. This is basically a separate section of VM/CMS known as CP (with full screen editors, the CP level is indicated in the lower right hand corner of the screen and for line-by-line editors, before the command line and after hitting carriage returns, it should say "CP") and it's purpose is to manage real resources. Any command that involves something outside of your virtual machine must communicate with CP. If CMS does not recognize a command you give it, it will give it to CP. The user generally enters the CP stage after a program flops or if you get disconnected. You can also enter the CP stage by hitting PA1 which is a function key of sorts. PA1 toggles between CP and CMS while on-line and if you re-login after being disconnected, PA1 can be used besides the BEGIN command which will be spoken about later in this article. Generally, VM/CMS systems are well equipped with help files so if anything I print becomes unclear to you, from CMS mode, type HELP CP XXX where XXX is the CP command you want information on. To start this article off, I'm printing off the IBM-Defined Class and the Function Types as listed in the IBM VM/SP CP manual. This essentially tells you what privileges you have with your assigned class. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IBM-Defined Function User & Class Type Functions ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A O Operations: The primary sysop can issue all class A commands. The class A user controls the VM/SP system. Class A is assigned to the user at the VM/SP system console during IPL. The primary sysop is responsible for the availability of the VM/SP system and its communication lines and resources. In addition, the class A user controls system accounting, broadcast messages, virtual machine performance options, and other command operands that affect the overall performance of the VM/SP. The sysop controls operation of the real machine using the system control panel and console device. NOTE: The class A sysop who is automatically logged on during CP initialization is designated as the primary sysop. B R Resource: The system resource operator can issue all class B commands. The class B user controls allocation and deallocation of all the real resources of the VM/SP system, except those controlled by the primary sysop and spooling operator. C P Programmer: The system programmer can issue all class C commands. The class C user updates certain functions of the VM/SP system. The system programmer can modify real storage in the real machine. D S Spooling: The spooling operator can issue all class D commands. The class D user controls spool data files and specific functions of the system's unit record equipment. E A Analyst: The system analyst can issue all class E commands. The class E user displays the contents of real storage, performs the functions required to generate saved systems and discontiguous saved segments, and controls the collecting and recording of performance measurement data. This class of user can display specified real storage areas on the virtual operator's console or on a spooled virtual printer, but cannot modify real storage. F C Customer Engineer: The service representative can issue all class F commands. The class F user obtains, and examines, in detail, certain data about input and output devices connected to the VM/SP system. The service representative can establish extensive recording mode for one I/O device at a time and can cause the recording of repressible machine check errors to be initiated or resumed. G G General: The general user can issue all class G commands. The class G user controls functions associated with the execution of his virtual machine. A general user cannot display or modify real storage. ANY ANY The ANY classification is given to certain CP commands that are available to any user. These are primarily for the purpose of gaining and relinquishing access to the VM/SP system. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ The following is the list of commands available along with a brief description as to what they do and/or formatting and then ending with the IBM-Defined Class and Function Type. * : From CP, one may use the * command to annotate the terminal console sheet ~ or the terminal display screen with a comment. In other words, type * and then any string of characters you would, for some reason, to be present on the screen thereafter. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: N/A #CP : This command is used to execute a CP Command while in a virtual machine ~~~ command environment without first signaling attention to get to the CP command environment which means that when typing P to perform a CP operation, CP directly receives the command whereas CP merely queues the command from CP. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY ACNT : The ACNT command is used to create accounting records for logged on ~~~~ users and to reset accounting data. It also closes a spool file that is accumulating accounting records. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O ADSTOP : The ADSTOP command is used to halt the execution of a virtual machine ~~~~~~ at a virtual instruction point. The hexloc variable may be placed after the word ADSTOP which is a 6 character hexadecimal representation of the virtual instruction address where the execution is to be halted. The OFF option of the ADSTOP command cancels any previous ADSTOP setting. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G ATTN : Use the ATTN command to make an attention interruption pending at your ~~~~ virtual console. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G AUTOLOG : This command allows the user to log on any virtual machine defined ~~~~~~~ in the directory. Privilege Level: A, B Function Type: O BACKSPAC : The BACKSPAC command is used to restart or reposition the current ~~~~~~~~ output on a real punch or printer. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S BEGIN or B : The BEGIN command by itself from CP mode will return the user to ~~~~~~~~~~ CMS mode in the place where he/she left off before he/she was disconnected or thrown into CP. The BEGIN command can also be followed by a hex location as to where to start in the case of the user wanting to be doing something other than what was previously occurring. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G CHANGE or CH : In use of the CHANGE command, there are subcommands with ~~~~~~~~~~~~ variables. Generally, the "name" variable is 1 to 4 characters in length. The following are the subcommands with functions and formatting: o READER or RDR : changes reader spool files. o PRINTER or PRT : changes printer spool files. o PUNCH or PCH : changes punch spool files. o CLASS c1 : designates an existing class where c1 is a 1-character alphanumerical field from A to Z or 0 to 9. o spoolid : spoolid number of file that is to be changed. o FORM form1 : 1 to 8 character alphanumeric form name used to select files to be changed (form1). o ALL : changes all of your spool files. o HOLD : prevents a file from being printed, punched, or read until released. o NOHOLD : releases the specified file from the user's HOLD status. o DIST dist : changes the distribution code to variable "dist". o COPY(*)nnn : specifies number of copies of the file you want spooled, which is valid only for printer or punch files. "nnn" is a number from 1 to 255 and the "*" is present in the case of a 3800 printer being used so that copies will be made in the printer internally. o FLASH name nnn : signifies that a form's overlay contained in the 3800 printer is to be superimposed onto certain pages of output. "nnn" is a number from 0 to 255 representing the number of copies to be superimposed. o MODIFY name (n) : allows text alteration by preventing information printing or by adding labels to output. "n" selects a keyword in CHARS to be used for copy modification text. o CHARS name1 (name2(name3(name4))) CHARS name1(CH names2(CH names3(CH names4))) : specifies character arrangement table when printing a file. There can be up to 4 names. o FCB name : controls vertical spacing of output on a page. o FORM form2 : changes spool form name of file to form2. o NAME fn (ft) : assigns identification to spool file in CMS format filename and filetype. o NAME dsname : assigns identification to spool file in non-CMS format where "dsname" is from 1 to 24 characters, suitable for specifying OS or DOS files. Privilege Class: S, G Function Type: D, G CLOSE or C : The CLOSE command terminates spooling activity on any virtual ~~~~~~~~~~ spooled unit record or console device. It Contains the following subcommands to be followed by the letter C or the word CLOSE: o READER or RDR o PRINTER or PRT o PUNCH or PCH o FORM form1 o HOLD o NOHOLD o DIST dist o NAME fn (ft) o NAME dsname o vaddr : virtual address (cuu) of device to be closed. o CONSOLE : closes virtual machine's console spool file which makes it a printer spool file. o PURGE : closes and immediately purges from the virtual machine the output spool files. No output file is produced. o CHAIN : only valid for VM/SP HPO Release 4.2 and Profs Spool File Enhancement PRPQ. Indicates that the punchfile is to be chained. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G COMMANDS or COMM : Use COMMAND to list the commands and diagnose codes you are ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ authorized to use. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY COUPLE : Using the COUPLE command connects your virtual non-dedicated ~~~~~~ channel-to-channel device to another user's virtual device of the same type or to another one of your own virtual devices of the same type. The format of this command is in the form of COUPLE vaddr1 TO userid vaddr2. The variable vaddr1 is your virtual address and the variables userid vaddr2 identify the userid and virtual address of that userid to be connected to. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G CP : The CP command may precede the command to be processed, but it is not ~~ necessary. Generally, the CP command is used from CMS mode to queue CP functions by typing CP . Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY CPTRAP : The CPTRAP command creates a reader file of a selected trace table, ~~~~~~ CP interface, and virtual machine interface entries for problem determination. Privilege Class: C Function Type: P DCP : This command displays the contents of real storage locations at the ~~~ terminal. Privilege Class: C, E Function Type: P DEFINE or DEF : The DEFINE command in CP is used to alter your virtual machine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ configuration or channel operating mode. There are a LOT of subcommands that are used with the DEFINE command such as RDR or PRT or PCH and the list goes on and on. If you want details, there is a help file (type HELP CP DEF) that is almost 600 lines that goes into detail on each subcommand. Privilege Class: B, G Function Type: R, G DETACH or DET : The DETACH command is used to remove a virtual device from the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ virtual machine. The subcommands are as follows: o vaddr (vaddr...) : used for multiple addresses to be detached where vaddr is the virtual address (cuu) of the device to be detached. o vaddr-vaddr : used to detach a range of addresses. o CHANNEL c : detaches the real address of the channel. Privilege Class: B, G Function Type: R, G DIAL : Using the DIAL command logically connects a switched line, leased line, ~~~~ locally attached, or remote Binary Synchronous (BSC) terminal to a previously logged-on multiple-access virtual machine. It is in the format of DIAL userid (vaddr) where the userid is that to be connected to and the vaddr is the optional virtual address. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY DISABLE : The DISABLE command prevents low speed communications lines from ~~~~~~~ accessing the system. Privilege Class: A, B Function Type: R DISCONN or DISC : The DISCONNECT command is used to disconnect your terminal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ from the system while the virtual machine continues operation. Using the DISC HOLD or DISC HO option, you specify that the communications line is not to be disabled which allows you to avoid re-dialing the system. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY DISPLAY or D : The DISPLAY command allows you to display virtual machine ~~~~~~~~~~~~ components at your terminal. Depending on what variable follows the D or DISPLAY command from CP, you can display virtual storage locations, storage keys, general registers, floating-point registers, control registers, vector registers, VAC (Vector Activity Counter), VSR (Vector Status Register), VMR (Vector Mask Register), PSW (Program Status Word), CAW (Channel Address Word), and CSW (Channel Status Word). Privilege Class: G Function Type: G DMCP : This command prints the contents of real storage locations on a user's ~~~~ virtual spooled printer. Privilege Class: C, E Function Type: P DRAIN : The DRAIN command stops spooling operations on a specified real unit's ~~~~~ read devices after the file currently being processed has been completed. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S DUMP or DU : Use the DUMP command to print the contents of various components ~~~~~~~~~~ of the virtual machine on the virtual spooled printer. Depending on what variable is placed after the DUMP or DU command, the items printed include virtual PSW (Program Status Word), general registers, floating-point registers, control registers, storage keys, and virtual storage locations. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G ECHO or EC : Defaulted at 1, the ECHO command places the terminal in the echo ~~~~~~~~~~ environment in which any line entered is transmitted unchanged back to the terminal a specified number of times, depending on the variable entered immediately after the word ECHO or EC. Privilege Type: G Function Type: G ENABLE : Use the ENABLE command to enable the previously disabled or nonabled ~~~~~~ devices so users may access the system. Privilege Class: A, B Function Type: R EXTERNAL or EXT : The EXTERNAL command allows the user to simulate an external ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ interrupt to the virtual machine and to return control to that machine. The hexadecimal code following the word EXTERNAL or EXT is associated with the external interrupt, the default being the number 40 which is associated with the external interrupt button on a system console. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G FLUSH : The FLUSH command halts and immediately purges on hold the current ~~~~~ output on a specified unit record device. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S FORCE : This command forces a logoff of any user of the system. ~~~~~ Privilege Class: A Function Type: O FREE : Use the FREE command to remove a set of spool files belonging to a ~~~~ specified user from a system hold status. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S HALT : The HALT command terminates any active channel program on a specified ~~~~ real device. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O HOLD : The HOLD command places user spool files in a system hold status. ~~~~ Privilege Class: D Function Type: S INDICATE or IND : At your terminal, you can display the use of and contention ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ for major system resources with the INDICATE command. The following variables that follow the word INDICATE or IND show the following data: o LOAD : shows number of users in queue 1 and queue 2, the usage of real storage, and the ratio of active users to users being serviced. This is done by returning values that indicate operating load on the system. o USER : displays the amounts of system resources used by your virtual machine in the current terminal session. Privilege Class: A, E, G Function Type: O, A, G IPL or I : Generally used to return to CMS via the IPL CMS or I CMS command, ~~~~~~~~ the IPL command simulates an initial program load function for a virtual machine. Subcommands are as follows: o vaddr : virtual address (cuu) of the device that contains the nucleus to be loaded. o cylno : cylinder containing the IPL data which defaults to 0. o nnnnn : block address containing the IPL data which defaults to 0. o CLEAR : sets virtual storage space to binary zeros before the operating system is loaded. o NOCLEAR : allows contents of your virtual storage space to remain unchanged prior to program load. o STOP : halts the virtual machine during the IPL procedure just before the initial PSW is loaded. o ATTN : generates an attention interrupt to the virtual machine during the IPL procedure. o PARM p1 (p2...) : processes up to 64 bytes of data to your virtual machine's general registers starting with the high order byte of general register 0. o systemname : simulates IPL function when loading a named system that was previously saved. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G LINK : The LINK command is used to make a device that is associated with ~~~~ another virtual machine available at your virtual machine configuration based upon info in that user's directory entry. This command is in the format of LINK TO userid vaddr1 AS vaddr2 (mode) ((PASS=) password(1)). Privilege Class: G Function Type: G LOADBUF : On a 1403 printer, the LOADBUF command loads the Universal Character ~~~~~~~ Set (UCS) with a specified print train or chain image. On a 3203, 3211, 3212, 4245, or 4248 printer, it loads the UCS or the Forms Control Buffer (FCB) with a specified image. On a 3289 Model 4 printer, it loads the Font Offset Buffer (FOB) with the image print belt and the FCB. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S LOADVFCB : This command specifies the forms control buffer image for different ~~~~~~~~ virtual spooled printers. The variables that follow it include: o vaddr o FCB : required reserved keyword meaning Forms Control Buffer. o name : a name that is system defined. o INDEX (nn) : place initial printing position in number nn for the 3211 printer. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G LOCATE : Use the LOCATE command to find the addresses of CP control blocks ~~~~~~ associated with a particular user, a user's device, or a real system device. Privilege Class: C, E Function Type: P LOCK : This command permanently locks in selected pages of real storage. ~~~~ Privilege Class: A Function Type: O LOGOFF or LOGOUT or LOG : Used to terminate a virtual machine session and ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ disconnect your virtual machine from the system, this command can be used with the HOLD option (i.e. LOG HOLD) for retaining the connection allowing for a switched communications line to enable one to log on without re-dialing the system. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY LOGON or LOGIN or L : Obvious enough, the LOGIN or LOGON command is used to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ identify yourself to the system and to access that system. Following the words LOGIN or LOGON or L, type your userid which is the identifier assigned to you in the system. If the system you are logging onto does NOT have password suppression, your password can follow directly after your userid. NOTE: If the system you are on does have password suppression (i.e. it does not echo to your screen what you type when you type your password), you will get a system error message if you try to put it on the same line as your userid. The NOIPL option, which would follow your password and userid, specifies that the IPL device or name in the directory should not be used for an automatic IPL. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY MESSAGE or MSG or M : Use the MESSAGE command to transmit message text to a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ specified userid or to the primary system operator userid. MSG userid msgtext sends msgtext to the userid specified after userid. If userid is replaced with *, the text is sent to yourself. Also, if the userid is replaced with OPERATOR, the message text is sent to the primary system operator regardless of his userid. Privilege Class: A, B, ANY Function Type: O, ANY MIGRATE : The MIGRATE command activates the normal page/swap table migration ~~~~~~~ routines or forces a particular user's pages to a secondary device even if that user is currently active. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O MONITOR : To initiate or override the system-generated function or to ~~~~~~~ terminate the recording of events occurring in the real machine, use the MONITOR command. Privilege Class: A, E Function Type: O MSGNOH : The MSGNOH command allows a service virtual machine to send messages ~~~~~~ to specified users without the standard header associated with the MESSAGE command. Privilege Class: B Function Type: R NETWORK : The NETWORK command allows you to load, dump and control operation ~~~~~~~ of a 3704 or 3705 and to control operation of a 3725 control program operating in 270x emulation mode (EP). Also, it allows control of remote 3270 devices via binary synchronous lines. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O NOTREADY or NOTR : Using the NOTREADY command causes the virtual device, which ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ is specified after the NOTREADY statement via cuu address, to appear as if it had changed from ready to not ready status. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G ORDER or ORD : ORDER is used to place your closed spool files in a specific ~~~~~~~~~~~~ order by device type. These spool files include READER, PRINTER, and PUNCH files and can be sorted by CLASS, FORM, and spoolid. Privilege Class: D, G Function Type: S, G PER : PER allows one to monitor certain events as they occur during program ~~~ execution in the user's virtual machine. This command can monitor the fetching and execution of an instruction, the execution of a successful branch instruction, the instruction of an instruction that alters a specific general purpose register, and the execution of an instruction in the virtual machine that alters storage. Privilege Class: A, B, C, D, E, F, G Function Type: G PURGE or PUR : Use the PURGE command to remove your own closed spool files ~~~~~~~~~~~~ from the system before they are printed or punched by the spooling devices, or before they are read by a user. The spool file specifications include READER, PRINTER, and PUNCH files as well as the ALL option which purges all of the above mentioned files. Privilege Class: D, G Function Type: S, G QUERY or Q : Also available in CMS mode, the QUERY command is used to ~~~~~~~~~~ determine your system status and machine configuration. Although there are far too many subcommands of the QUERY command, the following is a list of items that may be queried. I recommend, for full detail, using the HELP CP QUERY command as it is quite thorough (over 1000 lines) in explaining the QUERY command. o The time you have used during a terminal session. o The number of closed input and output spool files associated with your virtual machine. o The current settings of the color and/or extended highlight values in effect for your virtual machine console. o The current settings of the SET command functions. o The current settings of the TERMINAL command functions. o The status of all the devices on your virtual machine. o The channel operating mode of your virtual machine, whether block-multiplexer or selector. o A listing of all users who are linked to a given virtual address, together with their device addresses and access modes. o Display of the secondary user (secuser) that is specified in the CONSOLE directory statement. o Identification and attributes associated with your virtual PRINTER, PUNCH, and READER spool files. o The identification of your virtual processor. o The mode of processor operation of your VM/SP HPO installation: uniprocessor mode (UP), attached processor mode (AP), or multiprocessor mode (MP). o The userid and system identifier. o A listing of the PER traceset elements. o The log messages of the day. o The names of the users that are logged on. o The number of users that are logged on or dialed to the system. NOTE: There are other operands you can use with the QUERY command if you have the privilege class required to use them. Privilege Class: A, B, C, D, E, F, G Function Type: O, R, P, S, A, C, G QVM : Use this command to request the transition from the VM/SP environment to ~~~ native mode for a particular virtual machine. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O READY : In the format of READY vaddr, this command is used to set a device-end ~~~~~ interruption pending for the specified virtual device. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G REPEAT : Use the REPEAT command to increase the number of copies of an output ~~~~~~ file or to place the current output file in a hold status increasing or not increasing the number of copies to be created. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S REQUEST or REQ : Simply use the REQUEST command to make an attention interrupt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ at your virtual console. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G RESET : Also in the format of RESET vaddr, this command is used to clear all ~~~~~ pending interrupts from the specified virtual device. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G REWIND or REW : The REWIND command is used to rewind a real tape unit attached ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ to your virtual machine at a specified virtual device address in the format REWIND vaddr. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SAVESYS : This command allows you to save a virtual machine storage space with ~~~~~~~ registers and the PSW as they currently exist. It is used in the process of creating named systems. Privilege Class: E Function Type: A SCREEN or SCRE : Use the SCREEN command to alter or change any extended color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ and/or extended highlight definitions for your virtual machine console. You may issue the command from any IBM supported terminal or from a PROFILE EXEC because the SCREEN command is not device dependent. However, the SCREEN command is only valid when the Extended Color Feature has been applied to the terminal controller. You can assign extended color and extended highlighting values to six distinct display screen areas: the input area, the system status area, and the output area that encompasses three other areas: CP output, virtual machine output, virtual machine output, and an input redisplay area. The physical attributes of 3270 Information Display station screens vary according to model. Because this command mainly applies to people who are not on dial-up, I have elected not to detail all of the variables available with the SCREEN command. Once again, I recommend you using HELP CP SCREEN for details. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SEND : Using the Single Console Image Facility, the SEND command is used to ~~~~ pass commands and message replies for the secondary user's console to disconnect virtual machines for execution. This command is executed in the format: SEND (CP) userid (text). Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SET : Use the SET command to control various functions within your virtual ~~~ system. This command has a large number of variables that can be SET and details for each of the variables can be obtained from the HELP CP SET file. Privilege Class: A, B, E, F, G Function Type: O, R, A, C, G SHUTDOWN : This command, of course, systematically ends all virtual machine ~~~~~~~~ functions and checkpoints the system for an eventual warn start. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O SLEEP or SL : To place the virtual machine in a dormant state but allow ~~~~~~~~~~~ messages to be displayed, use the SLEEP command in the format of SLEEP nn (time-specification) where time-specification is SEC for seconds, MIN for minutes, or HR for hours and nn is the number of the amount of time for the machine to be in dormant state. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SMSG or SM : The SMSG command is used to send a special message to a virtual ~~~~~~~~~~ machine programmed to accept and process the message. The format of this command is SMSG userid msgtext where userid is the userid to receive the message and msgtext is the message to be sent to the userid. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SPACE : Use the SPACE command to force the output on a specified printer to be ~~~~~ single spaced for the current active spool file regardless of the carriage control commands in the actual file. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S SPMODE : SPMODE allows the system operator to establish or reset the single ~~~~~~ processor mode environment. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O SPOOL or SP : Use the SPOOL command to modify the spooling control options in ~~~~~~~~~~~ effect for a given virtual spooling device or for a group of devices. The SPOOL command can also start or stop the spooling of virtual console input and output. You can direct a file to a remote location by using the SPOOL command in conjunction with the TAG command. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SPTAPE : Use this command to dump spool files to tape or to load spool files ~~~~~~ from tape. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S START : The START command restarts a spooling device after it has been drained ~~~~~ or changes the output class that it may service. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S STCP : To alter the contents of real storage but not real PSW or real ~~~~ registers, use the STCP command. Privilege Class: C Function Type: P STORE or ST : The STORE command is used to alter the contents of specified ~~~~~~~~~~~ registers and locations of the virtual machine. As well as saving virtual machine data in low storage, the contents of the following can be altered: o Virtual storage locations o General registers o Floating-point registers o Control registers o Program Status Word (PSW) Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SYSTEM or SYS : SYSTEM is used to simulate the action of the RESET and RESTART ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ buttons on the real computer console, and to clear storage. The variables are as follows: o CLEAR : clears virtual storage and virtual storage keys to binary zeros. o RESET : clears all pending interrupts and conditions in the virtual machine. o RESTART : simulates the hardware system RESTART function by storing the current PSW at virtual location eight and loading, as the new PSW, the doubleword from virtual location zero. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TAG or TA : The TAG has many different variables that can be tagged, which are ~~~~~~~~~ too many to list here because of different settings for each one, but it is used to associate file descriptive information with a spool file. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TERMINAL or TERM : The TERMINAL command is used to control the following ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ functions associated with your virtual console: o Logical line-editing symbols o Masking of password o The APL character set o The Text character set o Signaling of an attention interrupt o Attention handling mode for your virtual console o Line length for output on your virtual console o Specifying terminal device type as 3101 or TTY o Location of cursor preceding terminal read o Scrolling rate for 3101 terminal Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TRACE or TR : Use the TRACE command to trace specified virtual machine ~~~~~~~~~~~ activity and to record the results at the terminal, on a virtual spooled printer, or on both terminal and printer. If you issue more than one TRACE command, the operands are cumulative; that is, operands specified for the first time are activated, whereas those specified with new modifiers are updated. The RUN and NORUN operands, however, can be specified in different tracing functions and do not cause a conflict. You cannot issue the TRACE command while preferred machine assist is operating, whether or not you have enabled the preferred machine assist feature's control switch assist. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TRANSFER or TRAN : This command is used to transfer your closed spool files to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a specified user or queue, or to reclaim closed spool files that you created. Privilege Class: D, G Function Type: S, G UNLOCK : Use the UNLOCK command to unlock page frames previously locked by a ~~~~~~ LOCK command. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O VARY : The VARY command marks a device available or unavailable for use by a ~~~~ user or the control program. Privilege Class: B Function Type: R VMDUMP or VMD : The VMDUMP command dumps virtual storage that VM/SP HPO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ creates for the virtual machine user. VMDUMP dumps the following: o Virtual Program Status Word (PSW) o General registers o Floating-point registers o Control registers o Storage protection keys o Virtual machine type identification o Timer values Privilege Class: G Function Type: G WARNING : Use the WARNING command to transmit high-priority messages to a ~~~~~~~ specified user or to all users. Privilege Class: A, B Function Type: O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ This article is far from totally complete as far as in-depthness goes. As I have stated in numerous portions of this file, the VM/CMS system has a very good HELP file system, and from CMS, the command HELP CP will, in most cases, allow you to read a relatively clear text file containing the details and usage specifications of these commands. I hope that, should you be moving around a VM/CMS system, this file will assist you in the CP mode. For those that wish to contact me for commentary on this file topic or other topic conversation, you can send e-mail to my network addresses: Internet: C488869@UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU Bitnet: C488869@UMCVMB.BITNET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 3 of 12 <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> <> <> <> Introduction to MIDNET <> <> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <> <> Chapter Seven Of The Future Transcendent Saga <> <> <> <> A More Indepth Look Into NSFnet <> <> National Science Foundation Network <> <> <> <> Presented by Knight Lightning <> <> June 16, 1989 <> <> <> <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Prologue ~~~~~~~~ If you are not already familiar with NSFnet, I would suggest that you read: "Frontiers" (Phrack Inc., Volume Two, Issue 24, File 4 of 13), and definitely; "NSFnet: National Science Foundation Network" (Phrack Inc., Volume Three, Issue 26, File 4 of 11). Table Of Contents ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Introduction * The DOD Protocol Suite * Names and Addresses In A Network * Telnet (*NOT* Telenet) * File Transfer * Mail Introduction ~~~~~~~~~~~~ MIDNET is a regional computer network that is part of the NSFnet, the National Science Foundation Network. Currently, eleven mid-United States universities are connected to each other and to the NSFnet via MIDnet: UA - University of Arkansas at Fayetteville ISU - Iowa State University at Ames UI - University of Iowa at Iowa City KSU - Kansas State University at Manhattan KU - University of Kansas at Lawrence UMC - University of Missouri at Columbia WU - Washington University at St. Louis, Missouri UNL - University of Nebraska at Lincoln OSU - Oklahoma State University at Stillwater UT - University of Tulsa (Oklahoma) OU - University of Oklahoma at Norman Researchers at any of these universities that have funded grants can access the six supercomputer centers funded by the NSF: John Von Neuman Supercomputer Center National Center for Atmospheric Research Cornell National Supercomputer Facility National Center for Supercomputing Applications Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center San Diego Supercomputing Center In addition, researchers and scientists can communicate with each other over a vast world-wide computer network that includes the NSFnet, ARPAnet, CSnet, BITnet, and others that you have read about in The Future Transcendent Saga. Please refer to "Frontiers" (Phrack Inc., Volume Two, Issue 24, File 4 of 13) for more details. MIDnet is just one of several regional computer networks that comprise the NSFnet system. Although all of these regional computer networks work the same, MIDnet is the only one that I have direct access to and so this file is written from a MIDnet point of view. For people who have access to the other regional networks of NSFnet, the only real differences depicted in this file that would not apply to the other regional networks are the universities that are served by MIDnet as opposed to: NYSERnet in New York State SURAnet in the southeastern United States SEQSUInet in Texas BARRnet in the San Francisco area MERIT in Michigan (There are others that are currently being constructed.) These regional networks all hook into the NSFnet backbone, which is a network that connects the six supercomputer centers. For example, a person at Kansas State University can connect with a supercomputer via MIDnet and the NSFnet backbone. That researcher can also send mail to colleagues at the University of Delaware by using MIDnet, NSFnet and SURAnet. Each university has its own local computer network which connects on-campus computers as well as providing a means to connecting to a regional network. Some universities are already connected to older networks such as CSnet, the ARPAnet and BITnet. In principal, any campus connected to any of these networks can access anyone else in any other network since there are gateways between the networks. Gateways are specialized computers that forward network traffic, thereby connecting networks. In practice, these wide-area networks use different networking technology which make it impossible to provide full functionality across the gateways. However, mail is almost universally supported across all gateways, so that a person at a BITnet site can send mail messages to a colleague at an ARPAnet site (or anywhere else for that matter). You should already be somewhat familiar with this, but if not refer to; "Limbo To Infinity" (Phrack Inc., Volume Two, Issue 24, File 3 of 13) and "Internet Domains" (Phrack Inc., Volume Three, Issue 26, File 8 of 11) Computer networks rely on hardware and software that allow computers to communicate. The language that enables network communication is called a protocol. There are many different protocols in use today. MIDnet uses the TCP/IP protocols, also known as the DOD (Department of Defense) Protocol Suite. Other networks that use TCP/IP include ARPAnet, CSnet and the NSFnet. In fact, all the regional networks that are linked to the NSFnet backbone are required to use TCP/IP. At the local campus level, TCP/IP is often used, although other protocols such as IBM's SNA and DEC's DECnet are common. In order to communicate with a computer via MIDnet and the NSFnet, a computer at a campus must use TCP/IP directly or use a gateway that will translate its protocols into TCP/IP. The Internet is a world-wide computer network that is the conglomeration of most of the large wide area networks, including ARPAnet, CSnet, NSFnet, and the regionals, such as MIDnet. To a lesser degree, other networks such as BITnet that can send mail to hosts on these networks are included as part of the Internet. This huge network of networks, the Internet, as you have by now read all about in the pages of Phrack Inc., is a rapidly growing and very complex entity that allows sophisticated communication between scientists, students, government officials and others. Being a part of this community is both exciting and challenging. This chapter of the Future Transcendent Saga gives a general description of the protocols and software used in MIDnet and the NSFNet. A discussion of several of the more commonly used networking tools is also included to enable you to make practical use of the network as soon as possible. The DOD Protocol Suite ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The DOD Protocol Suite includes many different protocols. Each protocol is a specification of how communication is to occur between computers. Computer hardware and software vendors use the protocol to create programs and sometimes specialized hardware in order to implement the network function intended by the protocol. Different implementations of the same protocol exist for the varied hardware and operating systems found in a network. The three most commonly used network functions are: Mail -- Sending and receiving messages File Transfer -- Sending and receiving files Remote Login -- Logging into a distant computer Of these, mail is probably the most commonly used. In the TCP/IP world, there are three different protocols that realize these functions: SMTP -- (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Mail FTP -- (File Transfer Protocol) sending and receiving files Telnet -- Remote login How to use these protocols is discussed in the next section. At first glance, it is not obvious why these three functions are the most common. After all, mail and file transfer seem to be the same thing. However, mail messages are not identical to files, since they are usually comprised of only ASCII characters and are sequential in structure. Files may contain binary data and have complicated, non-sequential structures. Also, mail messages can usually tolerate some errors in transmission whereas files should not contain any errors. Finally, file transfers usually occur in a secure setting (i.e. The users who are transferring files know each other's names and passwords and are permitted to transfer the file, whereas mail can be sent to anybody as long as their name is known). While mail and transfer accomplish the transfer of raw information from one computer to another, Telnet allows a distant user to process that information, either by logging in to a remote computer or by linking to another terminal. Telnet is most often used to remotely log in to a distant computer, but it is actually a general-purpose communications protocol. I have found it incredibly useful over the last year. In some ways, it could be used for a great deal of access because you can directly connect to another computer anywhere that has TCP/IP capabilities, however please note that Telnet is *NOT* Telenet. There are other functions that some networks provide, including the following: - Name to address translation for networks, computers and people - The current time - Quote of the day or fortune - Printing on a remote printer, or use of any other remote peripheral - Submission of batch jobs for non-interactive execution - Dialogues and conferencing between multiple users - Remote procedure call (i.e. Distributing program execution over several remote computers) - Transmission of voice or video information Some of these functions are still in the experimental stages and require faster computer networks than currently exist. In the future, new functions will undoubtedly be invented and existing ones improved. The DOD Protocol Suite is a layered network architecture, which means that network functions are performed by different programs that work independently and in harmony with each other. Not only are there different programs but there are different protocols. The protocols SMTP, FTP and Telnet are described above. Protocols have been defined for getting the current time, the quote of the day, and for translating names. These protocols are called applications protocols because users directly interact with the programs that implement these protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol, TCP, is used by many of the application protocols. Users almost never interact with TCP directly. TCP establishes a reliable end-to-end connection between two processes on remote computers. Data is sent through a network in small chunks called packets to improve reliability and performance. TCP ensures that packets arrive in order and without errors. If a packet does have errors, TCP requests that the packet be retransmitted. In turn, TCP calls upon IP, Internet Protocol, to move the data from one network to another. IP is still not the lowest layer of the architecture, since there is usually a "data link layer protocol" below it. This can be any of a number of different protocols, two very common ones being X.25 and Ethernet. FTP, Telnet and SMTP are called "application protocols", since they are directly used by applications programs that enable users to make use of the network. Network applications are the actual programs that implement these protocols and provide an interface between the user and the computer. An implementation of a network protocol is a program or package of programs that provides the desired network function such as file transfer. Since computers differ from vendor to vendor (e.g. IBM, DEC, CDC), each computer must have its own implementation of these protocols. However, the protocols are standardized so that computers can interoperate over the network (i.e. Can understand and process each other's data). For example, a TCP packet generated by an IBM computer can be read and processed by a DEC computer. In many instances, network applications programs use the name of the protocol. For example, the program that transfers files may be called "FTP" and the program that allows remote logins may be called "Telnet." Sometimes these protocols are incorporated into larger packages, as is common with SMTP. Many computers have mail programs that allow users on the same computer to send mail to each other. SMTP functions are often added to these mail programs so that users can also send and receive mail through a network. In such cases, there is no separate program called SMTP that the user can access, since the mail program provides the user interface to this network function. Specific implementation of network protocols, such as FTP, are tailored to the computer hardware and operating system on which they are used. Therefore, the exact user interface varies from one implementation to another. For example, the FTP protocol specifies a set of FTP commands which each FTP implementation must understand and process. However, these are usually placed at a low level, often invisible to the user, who is given a higher set of commands to use. These higher-level commands are not standardized so they may vary from one implementation of FTP to another. For some operating systems, not all of these commands make equal sense, such as "Change Directory," or may have different meanings. Therefore the specific user interface that the user sees will probably differ. This file describes a generic implementation of the standard TCP/IP application protocols. Users must consult local documentation for specifics at their sites. Names and Addresses In A Network ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In DOD Protocol Suite, each network is given a unique identifying number. This number is assigned by a central authority, namely the Network Information Center run by SRI, abbreviated as SRI-NIC, in order to prevent more than one network from having the same network number. For example, the ARPAnet has network number 10 while MIDnet has a longer number, namely 128.242. Each host in a network has a unique identification so other hosts can specify them unambiguously. Host numbers are usually assigned by the organization that manages the network, rather than one central authority. Host numbers do not need to be unique throughout the whole Internet but two hosts on the same network need to have unique host numbers. The combination of the network number and the host number is called the IP address of the host and is specified as a 32-bit binary number. All IP addresses in the Internet are expressible as 32-bit numbers, although they are often written in dotted decimal notation. Dotted decimal notation breaks the 32-bit number into four eight-bit parts or octets and each octet is specified as a decimal number. For example, 00000001 is the binary octet that specifies the decimal number 1, while 11000000 specifies 192. Dotted decimal notation makes IP addresses much easier to read and remember. Computers in the Internet are also identified by hostnames, which are strings of characters, such as "phrackvax." However, IP packets must specify the 32-bit IP address instead of the hostname so some way to translating hostnames to IP addresses must exist. One way is to have a table of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses, called a hosttable. Nearly every TCP/IP implementation has such a hosttable, although the weaknesses of this method are forcing a shift to a new scheme called the domain name system. In UNIX systems, the hosttable is often called "/etc/hosts." You can usually read this file and find out what the IP addresses of various hosts are. Other systems may call this file by a different name and make it unavailable for public viewing. Users of computers are generally given accounts to which all charges for computer use are billed. Even if computer time is free at an installation, accounts are used to distinguish between the users and enforce file protections. The generic term "username" will be used in this file to refer to the name by which the computer account is accessed. In the early days of the ARPAnet which was the first network to use the TCP/IP protocols, computer users were identified by their username, followed by a commercial "at" sign (@), followed by the hostname on which the account existed. Networks were not given names, per se, although the IP address specified a network number. For example, "knight@phrackvax" referred to user "knight" on host "phrackvax." This did not specify which network "phrackvax" was on, although that information could be obtained by examining the hosttable and the IP address for "phrackvax." (However, "phrackvax" is a ficticious hostname used for this presentation.) As time went on, every computer on the network had to have an entry in its hosttable for every other computer on the network. When several networks linked together to form the Internet, the problem of maintaining this central hosttable got out of hand. Therefore, the domain name scheme was introduced to split up the hosttable and make it smaller and easier to maintain. In the new domain name scheme, users are still identified by their usernames, but hosts are now identified by their hostname and any and all domains of which they are a part. For example, the following address, "KNIGHT@UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU" specifies username "KNIGHT" on host "UMCVMB". However, host "UMCVMB" is a part of the domain "MISSOURI" " which is in turn part of the domain "EDU". There are other domains in "EDU", although only one is named "MISSOURI". In the domain "MISSOURI", there is only one host named "UMCVMB". However, other domains in "EDU" could theoretically have hosts named "UMCVMB" (although I would say that this is rather unlikely in this example). Thus the combination of hostname and all its domains makes it unique. The method of translating such names into IP addresses is no longer as straightforward as looking up the hostname in a table. Several protocols and specialized network software called nameservers and resolvers implement the domain name scheme. Not all TCP/IP implementations support domain names because it is rather new. In those cases, the local hosttable provides the only way to translate hostnames to IP addresses. The system manager of that computer will have to put an entry into the hosttable for every host that users may want to connect to. In some cases, users may consult the nameserver themselves to find out the IP address for a given hostname and then use that IP address directly instead of a hostname. I have selected a few network hosts to demonstrate how a host system can be specified by both the hostname and host numerical address. Some of the nodes I have selected are also nodes on BITnet, perhaps even some of the others that I do not make a note of due a lack of omniscent awareness about each and every single host system in the world :-) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Numerical Hostname Location BITnet --------- -------- -------- ------ 18.72.0.39 ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Mass. Institute of Technology) ? 26.0.0.73 SRI-NIC.ARPA (DDN Network Information Center) - 36.21.0.13 MACBETH.STANFORD.EDU (Stanford University) ? 36.21.0.60 PORTIA.STANFORD.EDU (Stanford University) ? 128.2.11.131 ANDREW.CMU.EDU (Carnegie Mellon University) ANDREW 128.3.254.13 LBL.GOV (Lawrence Berkeley Labrotories) LBL 128.6.4.7 RUTGERS.RUTGERS.EDU (Rutgers University) ? 128.59.99.1 CUCARD.MED.COLUMBIA.EDU (Columbia University) ? 128.102.18.3 AMES.ARC.NASA.GOV (Ames Research Center [NASA]) - 128.103.1.1 HARVARD.EDU (Harvard University) HARVARD 128.111.24.40 HUB.UCSB.EDU (Univ. Of Calif-Santa Barbara) ? 128.115.14.1 LLL-WINKEN.LLNL.GOV (Lawrence Livermore Labratories) - 128.143.2.7 UVAARPA.VIRGINIA.EDU (University of Virginia) ? 128.148.128.40 BROWNVM.BROWN.EDU (Brown University) BROWN 128.163.1.5 UKCC.UKY.EDU (University of Kentucky) UKCC 128.183.10.4 NSSDCA.GSFC.NASA.GOV (Goddard Space Flight Center [NASA])- 128.186.4.18 RAI.CC.FSU.EDU (Florida State University) FSU 128.206.1.1 UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU (Univ. of Missouri-Columbia) UMCVMB 128.208.1.15 MAX.ACS.WASHINGTON.EDU (University of Washington) MAX 128.228.1.2 CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU (City University of New York) CUNYVM 129.10.1.6 NUHUB.ACS.NORTHEASTERN.EDU (Northeastern University) NUHUB 131.151.1.4 UMRVMA.UMR.EDU (University of Missouri-Rolla) UMRVMA 192.9.9.1 SUN.COM (Sun Microsystems, Inc.) - 192.33.18.30 VM1.NODAK.EDU (North Dakota State Univ.) NDSUVM1 192.33.18.50 PLAINS.NODAK.EDU (North Dakota State Univ.) NDSUVAX Please Note: Not every system on BITnet has an IP address. Likewise, not every system that has an IP address is on BITnet. Also, while some locations like Stanford University may have nodes on BITnet and have hosts on the IP as well, this does not neccessarily imply that the systems on BITnet and on IP (the EDU domain in this case) are the same systems. Attempts to gain unauthorized access to systems on the Internet are not tolerated and is legally a federal offense. At some hosts, they take this very seriously, especially the government hosts such as NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, where they do not mind telling you so at the main prompt when you connect to their system. However, some nodes are public access to an extent. The DDN Network Information Center can be used by anyone. The server and database there have proven to be an invaluable source of information when locating people, systems, and other information that is related to the Internet. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Telnet ~~~~~~ Remote login refers to logging in to a remote computer from a terminal connected to a local computer. Telnet is the standard protocol in the DOD Protocol Suite for accomplishing this. The "rlogin" program, provided with Berkeley UNIX systems and some other systems, also enables remote login. For purposes of discussion, the "local computer" is the computer to which your terminal is directly connected while the "remote computer" is the computer on the network to which you are communicating and to which your terminal is *NOT* directly connected. Since some computers use a different method of attaching terminals to computers, a better definition would be the following: The "local computer" is the computer that you are currently using and the "remote computer" is the computer on the network with which you are or will be communicating. Note that the terms "host" and "computer" are synonymous in the following discussion. To use Telnet, simply enter the command: TELNET The prompt that Telnet gives is: Telnet> (However, you can specify where you want to Telnet to immediately and bypass the the prompts and other delays by issuing the command: TELNET [location].) There is help available by typing in ?. This prints a list of all the valid subcommands that Telnet provides with a one-line explanation. Telnet> ? To connect to to another computer, use the open subcommand to open a connection to that computer. For example, to connect to the host "UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU", do "open umcvmb.missouri.edu" Telnet will resolve (i.e. Translate, the hostname "umcvmb.missouri.edu" into an IP address and will send a packet to that host requesting login. If the remote host decides to let you attempt a login, it prompts you for your username and password. If the host does not respond, Telnet will "time out" (i.e. Wait for a reasonable amount of time such as 20 seconds) and then terminate with a message such as "Host not responding." If your computer does not have an entry for a remote host in its hosttable and it cannot resolve the name, you can use the IP address explicitly in the telnet command. For example, TELNET 26.0.0.73 (Note: This is the IP address for the DDN Network Information Center [SRI-NIC.ARPA]) If you are successful in logging in, your terminal is connected to the remote host. For all intents and purposes, your terminal is directly hard-wired to that host and you should be able to do anything on your remote terminal that you can do at any local terminal. There are a few exceptions to this rule, however. Telnet provides a network escape character, such as CONTROL-T. You can find out what the escape character is by entering the "status" subcommand: Telnet> status You can change the escape character by entering the "escape" subcommand: Telnet> escape When you type in the escape character, the Telnet prompt returns to your screen and you can enter subcommands. For example, to break the connection, which usually logs you off the remote host, enter the subcommand "quit": Telnet> quit Your Telnet connection usually breaks when you log off the remote host, so the "quit" subcommand is not usually used to log off. When you are logged in to a remote computer via Telnet, remember that there is a time delay between your local computer and the remote one. This often becomes apparent to users when scrolling a long file across the terminal screen nd they wish to cancel the scrolling by typing CONTROL-C or something similar. After typing the special control character, the scrolling continues. The special control character takes a certain amount of time to reach the remote computer which is still scrolling information. Thus response from the remote computer will not likely be as quick as response from a local computer. Once you are remotely logged on, the computer you are logged on to effectively becomes your "local computer," even though your original "local computer" still considers you logged on. You can log on to a third computer which would then become your "local computer" and so on. As you log out of each session, your previous session becomes active again. File Transfer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FTP is the program that allows files to be sent from one computer to another. "FTP" stands for "File Transfer Protocol". When you start using FTP, a communications channel with another computer on the network is opened. For example, to start using FTP and initiate a file transfer session with a computer on the network called "UMCVMB", you would issue the following subcommand: FTP UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU Host "UMCVMB" will prompt you for an account name and password. If your login is correct, FTP will tell you so, otherwise it will say "login incorrect." Try again or abort the FTP program. (This is usually done by typing a special control character such as CONTROL-C. The "program abort" character varies from system to system.) Next you will see the FTP prompt, which is: Ftp> There are a number of subcommands of FTP. The subcommand "?" will list these commands and a brief description of each one. You can initiate a file transfer in either direction with FTP, either from the remote host or to the remote host. The "get" subcommand initiates a file transfer from the remote host (i.e. Tells the remote computer to send the file to the local computer [the one on which you issued the "ftp" command]). Simply enter "get" and FTP will prompt you for the remote host's file name and the (new) local host's file name. Example: Ftp> get Remote file name? theirfile local file name? myfile ou can abbreviate this by typing both file names on the same line as the "get" subcommand. If you do not specify a local file name, the new local file will be called the same thing as the remote file. Valid FTP subcommands to get a file include the following: get theirfile myfile get doc.x25 The "put" subcommand works in a similar fashion and is used to send a file from the local computer to the remote computer. Enter the command "put" and FTP will prompt you for the local file name and then the remote file name. If the transfer cannot be done because the file doesn't exist or for some other reason, FTP will print an error message. There are a number of other subcommands in FTP that allow you to do many more things. Not all of these are standard so consult your local documentation or type a question mark at the FTP prompt. Some functions often built into FTP include the ability to look at files before getting or putting them, the ability to change directories, the ability to delete files on the remote computer, and the ability to list the directory on the remote host. An intriguing capability of many FTP implementations is "third party transfers." For example, if you are logged on computer A and you want to cause computer B to send a file to computer C, you can use FTP to connect to computer B and use the "rmtsend" command. Of course, you have to know usernames and passwords on all three computers, since FTP never allows you to peek into someone's directory and files unless you know their username and password. The "cd" subcommand changes your working directory on the remote host. The "lcd" subcommand changes the directory on the local host. For UNIX systems, the meaning of these subcommands is obvious. Other systems, especially those that do not have directory-structured file system, may not implement these commands or may implement them in a different manner. The "dir" and "ls" subcommands do the same thing, namely list the files in the working directory of of the remote host. The "list" subcommand shows the contents of a file without actually putting it into a file on the local computer. This would be helpful if you just wanted to inspect a file. You could interrupt it before it reached the end of the file by typing CONTROL-C or some other special character. This is dependent on your FTP implementation. The "delete" command can delete files on the remote host. You can also make and remove directories on the remote host with "mkdir" and "rmdir". The "status" subcommand will tell you if you are connected and with whom and what the state of all your options are. If you are transferring binary files or files with any non-printable characters, turn binary mode on by entering the "binary" subcommand: binary To resume non-binary transfers, enter the "ascii" subcommand. Transferring a number of files can be done easily by using "mput" (multiple put) and "mget" (multiple get). For example, to get every file in a particular directory, first issue a "cd" command to change to that directory and then an "mget" command with an asterisk to indicate every file: cd somedirectory mget * When you are done, use the "close" subcommand to break the communications link. You will still be in FTP, so you must use the "bye" subcommand to exit FTP and return to the command level. The "quit" subcommand will close the connection and exit from FTP at the same time. Mail ~~~~ Mail is the simplest network facility to use in many ways. All you have to do is to create your message, which can be done with a file editor or on the spur of the moment, and then send it. Unlike FTP and Telnet, you do not need to know the password of the username on the remote computer. This is so because you cannot change or access the files of the remote user nor can you use their account to run programs. All you can do is to send a message. There is probably a program on your local computer which does mail between users on that computer. Such a program is called a mailer. This may or may not be the way to send or receive mail from other computers on the network, although integrated mailers are more and more common. UNIX mailers will be used as an example in this discussion. Note that the protocol which is used to send and receive mail over a TCP/IP network is called SMTP, the "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol." Typically, you will not use any program called SMTP, but rather your local mail program. UNIX mailers are usually used by invoking a program named "mail". To receive new mail, simply type "mail". There are several varieties of UNIX mailers in existence. Consult your local documentation for details. For example, the command "man mail" prints out the manual pages for the mail program on your computer. To send mail, you usually specify the address of the recipient on the mail command. For example: "mail knight@umcvmb.missouri.edu" will send the following message to username "knight" on host "umcvmb". You can usually type in your message one line at a time, pressing RETURN after each line and typing CONTROL-D to end the message. Other facilities to include already-existing files sometimes exist. For example, Berkeley UNIXes allow you to enter commands similar to the following to include a file in your current mail message: r myfile In this example, the contents of "myfile" are inserted into the message at this point. Most UNIX systems allow you to send a file through the mail by using input redirection. For example: mail knight@umcvmb.missouri.edu < myfile In this example, the contents of "myfile" are sent as a message to "knight" on "umcvmb." Note that in many UNIX systems the only distinction between mail bound for another user on the same computer and another user on a remote computer is simply the address specified. That is, there is no hostname for local recipients. Otherwise, mail functions in exactly the same way. This is common for integrated mail packages. The system knows whether to send the mail locally or through the network based on the address and the user is shielded from any other details. "The Quest For Knowledge Is Without End..." _______________________________________________________________________________ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 4 of 12 :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: :.: :.: :.: NUA-List For Datex-P And X.25 Networks :.: :.: :.: :.: by Oberdaemon :.: :.: :.: :.: April 9, 1989 :.: :.: :.: :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: _____________________________________________________________________________ | | | Key: | | | | A = successfully connected | | B = sources say that it works | | C = officially closed | | D = disconnected/no circuit or permanently busy | | I = illegal address or invalid call | | O = out of order | | r = R-NUA | | T = time-out | | X = sources say that it should work but it doesn't (or is permanently | | busy) | | Y = barred (=?) | | Z = sources say that it should not work | | = including the following digits gives you another number | | n/a = not yet tested | | ? = error on a subsequent communication system | | | | Remark: I have also included some obviously misstyped NUAs which have been | | found in widely circulating lists. There are also numbers which do | | not form a valid NUA but a common prefix (e.g. 0202 2 Helpak). | | | | Format: Each NUA in this list consists of the following fields: | | | | cccc naa aaa aaa... oooo... ddd.... | | | | cccc is the country prefix (e.g. 0262 Germany). This prefix can be | | omitted when calling and called party have both the same prefix.| | naa are the first three digits of the address. n often specifies a | | certain network in that country. | | aaa aaa... are the other digits of the address. | | oooo... are some extra digits/letters which should be added after the | | NUA. The correct syntax depends on your PAD. This list uses any | | syntax - usually depending on the notation the author of the | | source used. The oooo... field is usually empty. | | ddd... is a short description of the service. | | | | If you find two NUAs who differ only in the number of trailing zeroes, but | | connect to the same service, you may safely throw away the longer one. | | | | !! Please note that most PADs don't accept spaces inside a NUA !! | |_____________________________________________________________________________| 0200 GR Greece 0202 0202 2 Helpak (enkelriktad trafik) X 0202 452 241 24104 0204 NL Netherlands 0204 0 Datanet (1?) 0204 1 Datanet (1?) A 0204 129 001 3 ? (Netz ?) A 0204 129 001 4 X.25 A 0204 129 003 1 NONOBY A 0204 129 003 4 Searchline D 0204 129 004 33 SARA National Institute for High Energy Physics (NIKHEF) SARA network D 0204 129 004 34 NIKHEF National Institute for High Energy Physics (NIKHEF) SARA network D 0204 129 005 6 MCVAX MCVAX, HOLLAND A 0204 129 005 675 HARING MCVAX Line 2 0204 129 400 2 DUPHAR WEESP,HOLLAND A 0204 134 014 80500 Utrecht ? 0204 303 0 EPOIS EPO Den Haag 0204 304 0 DSAMISOOM SAMSON 0204 4 Dabas 0206 B Belgium 0206 2 DCS A 0206 210 300 003 Eigebib A 0206 222 100 6 BBDA Brussels DEC A A 0206 222 101 2 ? Ministry of economic affairs A 0206 222 102 6 celex A 0206 224 001 903 PRLB2 Belgium Unix Backbone 0206 3 Euronet A 0206 228 821 0 DGxiiiF 0208 F France 0208 0 TRANSPAC French Transpac A 0208 006 040 010 Telesystemes 1 A 0208 006 040 201 Telesystemes 2 A 0208 026 020 843 ? A 0208 034 020 036 CNUSC CNUSC (France) A 0208 034 020 258 CNUSC CNUSC Montpelier A 0208 038 020 100 CICG Grenoble A 0208 038 020 676 ILL VEGA VAX 8700 VMS 4.7 I 0208 044 001 645 ? A 0208 057 040 540 QSD (Chat system) I 0208 069 021 258 A 0208 075 000 087 IRCAM IRCAM-ERIK VAX 11/780 4.2 BSD I 0208 075 000 355 ? I 0208 075 001 281*D CCPN Computing Centre Nuclear Physics I 0208 075 002 314 GRF A 0208 075 020 655 LITP LITP Unix 4.3 BSD (France) A 0208 075 041 280 Pasteur MV8000 A 0208 078 020 118 INRIA INRIA, Rocquencourt (France) Multics B 0208 078 020 16901 INRIA Institute National de Recherche en Informatique 0208 078 081 67304 INRIAUU INRIA - UUCICO I 0208 091 000 270*DCISICISI3 IBM - TSO I 0208 091 000 309*DCISICISI1 IBM - TSO I 0208 091 000 519*DCISICISI2 IBM - TSO I 0208 091 010 320 CJRCE I 0208 091 040 047 SACLAY Saclay - France I 0208 091 040 532 Pascal A 0208 091 190 258 LURE, VAX 11/780 VMS 4.6, Synchrotron source (SES) 0208 1 NTI A 0208 101 TEXTFRA Text Generator, FRANCE 0214 E Spain 0214 1 SPAIN Spanish data network (NID/CTNE) 0214 5 Iberpac O 0214 521 202 5022 A 0214 521 302 1020 ETSITM (EANNET) VAX 11/750 VMS 4.5 0222 I Italy 0222 2 Itapac A 0222 262 002 1 ESAIRS1 ESA-QUEST, IRS 1 I 0222 262 002 2 ESAIRS2 ESA-IRS 2 O 0222 262 003 2 IASI VAX A 0222 262 004 3 VAXLNF (INFNET) VAX 8650 O 0222 263 200 4 NUA-Information ? A 0222 265 014 0 Techni-Link I 0222 306 3 Progetto-Sirio I 0222 306 700 European Space Agency I 0222 306 9*D CNUCE CNUCE I 0222 307 0 CILEA I 0222 307 1 CED Datenbanksysteme Rom I 0222 307 2*D RTC20 JRC I 0222 307 7*D QUESTD5 ESA ESA D 0222 307 8*D QUESTD5 ESA2 ESA 0228 CH Switzerland D 0228 310 1*DN DATASTAR Data-Star, Switzerland 0228 4 Telepac A 0228 462 110 0101 Cigy IBMA A 0228 462 110 0102 Cigy DEC1091 A 0228 462 110 09 EDP Basel A 0228 462 110 23 ? A 0228 462 110 34 ? A 0228 462 110 36 ? A 0228 462 110 52 DANZA'S 11/785 VMS 4.4 A 0228 462 110 61 PKK node RBPK00 A 0228 462 110 66 PROGNOS Basel (CIERR 1402) A 0228 462 110 70 ? A 0228 462 110 84 (CIERR 1402) Y 0228 462 170 02 INFOTEX PTT I 0228 464 109 06 GD PTT Schweiz (ring with CTRL G) A 0228 464 110 10 DM DATAMAIL (RSAG) A 0228 464 110 110 DSTAR2 Datastar (2nd. Line) A 0228 464 110 112 RSAG Z 0228 464 110 113 RSAG A 0228 464 110 115 DATASTAR Data-Star, Switzerland (Pharmadatenbank ?) A 0228 468 113 150 Management Joint Trust D 0228 468 114 05 CERN CERN (=CERNXX?) A 0228 468 114 0505 CS Group LAVC on node UXCOMS A 0228 468 114 0510 CER CERN, Geneva A 0228 468 114 0510 CERNVAX CERN X25 Multigate B 0228 468 114 0510*DLO CERNLO CERN 300 bps OUTDIAL (where ???) B 0228 468 114 0510*DME CERNME CERN 1200 bps OUTDIAL (where ???) B 0228 468 114 0510*DHI CERN ? A 0228 468 114 0514 4.2 BSD UNIX (Mint) A 0228 468 114 0515 Cern LS Group LAVC VXGIFT A 0228 468 114 0520 Cern A 0228 468 114 0532 Cern A 0228 468 114 0533 L3 test beam VAX-750 VXC3 A 0228 468 114 0534 UXINFN A 0228 468 114 0538 CS Group LAVC on node UXCOMS A 0228 468 114 054 Cern A 0228 468 114 0545 Cern A 0228 468 114 0551 VXCERN VMS 4.6 A 0228 468 114 0553 VXCERN VMS 4.6 A 0228 468 114 0556 VXCERN VMS 4.6 A 0228 468 114 0560 CERN VXNA31 A 0228 468 114 0561 CERN VXNA31 A 0228 468 114 0562 L3 VAX 11/750 VXC3MU A 0228 468 114 0572 ISOLDES VAX 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0574 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0581 ? A 0228 468 114 0583 %Merit:X.25 (Merit Computer Network, see appendix) A 0228 468 114 0584 Develcon A 0228 468 114 0587 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0588 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0589 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0592 Princeton University High Energy Physics Group Vax 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0593 University of Michigan Physics Vax 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0596 N.U. Physics Vax 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0597 Harvard University High Energy Physics Lab. Vax 8650 A 0228 468 114 0598 MIT-LNS*PIERRE A 0228 468 114 0599 DoD, Distributed Databases Coordination Center (JMILLER,X0TF3AP) D 0228 468 114 18 BIOGEN (=GODEL?) A 0228 468 114 23 EDCHUB:: A 0228 469 110 02 EPFL (something) A 0228 469 110 0202 EPFL HELP D 0228 469 110 0203 EPFL DE.VAX D 0228 469 110 0204 EPFL GC.VAX A 0228 469 110 0205 EPFL DP.VAX A 0228 469 110 0206 EPFL ME.VAX A 0228 469 110 0207 EPFL GR.VAX A 0228 469 110 0208 EPFL MA.VAX A 0228 469 110 0209 EPFL DI.VAX D 0228 469 110 0210 EPFL IMAC.PDP D 0228 469 110 0211 EPFL CGL.VAX D 0228 469 110 0212 EPFL DE.MVAX A 0228 469 110 0213 EPFL CC.VAX A 0228 469 110 03 EPFL Cyber 855 Ar0228 469 110 0301 EPFL Cyber A 0228 475 110 02 HSG St.Gallen Ar0228 479 104 00 Cern A 0228 479 110 23 I.P.Sharp (CA) X 0228 479 110 86 KOMETH (ETH ZH) A 0228 479 110 650 KOMETH (ETH ZH) I 0228 479 111 A 0228 479 111 06 GRS I 0228 479 111 086 I 0228 479 111 11 I 0228 479 111 18 ZEV-Mailbox Zuerich A 0228 479 111 750 ComNet (R-Nua) A 0228 479 311 49 KOMETH Output (ETH ZH) A 0228 499 111 02001 KOMETH (Entry Uni) 0228 9 Radio-Suisse 0232 A Austria 0232 2 Datex-P O 0232 242 210 91 ? 0232 242 211 42*DMAI Sysnet Wien (Gast,Gast) A 0232 252 310 000 Uni Wien 0232 9 Radio Austri A 0232 911 602 323 Inpadoc 0234 GB United Kingdom 0234 1 IPSS IPSS UK network A 0234 110 020 02018 BT DIALCOM GROUP (PRESTEL ?) 0234 2 PSS 0234 198 061 60 Queen Marry C. B 0234 207 920 002 SWVA 0234 211 920 100515 Hostess Doc. 0234 212 Dialnet O 0234 212 080 105 I 0234 212 080 110 EPSONUK Epson (UK) A 0234 212 300 120 DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 12011 DIALNET LRS-DIALOG 2 Dialog via London Ar0234 212 300 12013 DIALMRC LRS-Dialmail (Reverse Charging) A 0234 212 300 120*D@ DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 2920 GeoNet GEO2 B 0234 212 301 161 OPTEL 0234 212 301 186 GEOSYSTEMS 0234 212 301 187 CAP GROUP LTD. 0234 212 301 18722 CAP CAP Industry Ltd. 0234 212 301 281 ONE TO ONE COMMS O 0234 212 302 02192 PSSCLK PSS Clock B 0234 212 399 12013 DIALMAL Dialmail via London A 0234 212 900 115 STL STL : ACER (BSD UNIX 4.2) 0234 213 000 11 0234 213 000 151 COMPUTAS Computas Ltd 0234 213 000 1511 COMPUTAS LTD. D 0234 213 900 10150 ALVEY Alvey Mail and FTP. 0234 214 200 162 GLAXO Galaxo Industries 0234 214 400 12 CONTROL DATA LTD. 0234 215 000 11600 C3 0234 215 710 104 Consultans Ltd 0234 216 700 127 PFIZER Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12701 PFIZER1 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12702 PFIZER2 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12703 PFIZER3 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12704 PFIZER4 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12706 PFIZER6 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 218 801 00300 British Telecom Hotline 0234 2 PSS 0234 198 061 60 Queen Marry C. B 0234 207 920 002 SWVA 0234 211 920 100515 Hostess Doc. 0234 212 Dialnet O 0234 212 080 105 I 0234 212 080 110 EPSONUK Epson (UK) A 0234 212 300 120 DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 12011 DIALNET LRS-DIALOG 2 Dialog via London Ar0234 212 300 12013 DIALMRC LRS-Dialmail (Reverse Charging) A 0234 212 300 120*D@ DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 2920 GeoNet GEO2 B 0234 212 301 161 OPTEL 0234 212 301 186 GEOSYSTEMS 0234 212 301 187 CAP GROUP LTD. 0234 212 301 18722 CAP CAP Industry Ltd. 0234 212 301 281 ONE TO ONE COMMS O 0234 212 302 02192 PSSCLK PSS Clock B 0234 212 399 12013 DIALMAL Dialmail via London A 0234 212 900 115 STL STL : ACER (BSD UNIX 4.2) 0234 213 000 11 0234 213 000 151 COMPUTAS Computas Ltd 0234 213 000 1511 COMPUTAS LTD. D 0234 213 900 10150 ALVEY Alvey Mail and FTP. 0234 214 200 162 GLAXO Galaxo Industries 0234 214 400 12 CONTROL DATA LTD. 0234 215 000 11600 C3 0234 215 710 104 Consultans Ltd 0234 216 700 127 PFIZER Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12701 PFIZER1 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12702 PFIZER2 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12703 PFIZER3 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12704 PFIZER4 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12706 PFIZER6 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 218 801 00300 British Telecom Hotline 0234 219 PSS-Network 0234 219 200 001 Network Monitoring Centre (NFS) 0234 219 200 002 Network Monitoring Centre (NFS) 0234 219 200 100 University of London Computing Centre 0234 219 200 10069 JANETGW PSS/JANET Gateway (ULCC) B 0234 219 200 101 Finsbury Data Service 0234 219 200 1082 BING COMPUTER SERVICES (EUROPE) LTD. A 0234 219 200 118 ADPUK ADP NETWORK SERVICES LTD. (=AUTONET?) 0234 219 200 118 atomic energy research establishment 0234 219 200 13370 QTLON Quantime A 0234 219 200 146 CEGB CEGB, Park Street, London B 0234 219 200 14869 ULCC Univ. London Computer Centre (=JANET2?) B 0234 219 200 14918 UCLMVAX UCL Microvax ARPA Gateway B 0234 219 200 14970 0234 219 200 154 UNILEVER COMPUTER SERVICES LTD. A 0234 219 200 171 LEXIS LEXIS A 0234 219 200 190 INFOLINE PERGAMON INFOLINE LTD. (NFS) A 0234 219 200 203 IPSH SHARP, I. P. ASSOCIATES LTD. A 0234 219 200 220 BRITISH LIBRARY ON-LINE SYSTEM A 0234 219 200 222 BLAISE British Library Information System 0234 219 200 297 RLFE & NOLAN COMPUTER SERVICES PLC B 0234 219 200 300 UCL University College London - Computer 0234 219 200 300 UCLFTP UCL (FTP) A 0234 219 200 300 UCLMAIL UCL (JNT Mail) 0234 219 200 304 University Computing Company (GB) Ltd. B 0234 219 200 333 EUCLID University College London Computer Centre 0234 219 200 394 CISI CISI (=SIANET?;=Computer Services, London?) 0234 219 200 871 Instrument Rentals (UK) Ltd. B 0234 219 201 002 POOLE 0234 219 201 004 BGOLD81 Telecom BT-GOLD System 81 0234 219 201 00472 BGOLD72 Telecom BT-GOLD System 72 0234 219 201 00474 BGOLD74 Telecom BT-GOLD System 74 0234 219 201 00479 BTGOLD Telecom BT-GOLD System 79 0234 219 201 00481 BTGOLDA Telecom BT-GOLD System 81 0234 219 201 00482 BTGOLD82 Telecom BT-GOLD System 82 0234 219 201 00484 BGOLD84 Telecom Gold System 84 0234 219 201 005 PSSMAIL PSS TELE-MAIL service B 0234 219 201 00513 DIANENQ Euronet DIANE Enquiry Service (=Echo,Rutherford?) B 0234 219 201 00513 EUROINFO Euronet Diane Information Service (=Echo,Rutherford?) A 0234 219 201 00515 BTDOC BT Online Documentation Service A 0234 219 201 00515 HOSTESS Hostess system (BT) 0234 219 201 00530 BAYNARD BT Protocol Study Centre (NFS) 0234 219 201 00615 PSSDOC PSS documentation service/X25 technical info on line 0234 219 201 00620 BTBILL BT Online Billing 0234 219 201 0100513 0234 219 201 01013 HOSTESS Hostess system (BT) (=PSS Switchstream 1 ?) T 0234 219 201 01030 TSTB British Telecom 0234 219 201 025 PRESTEL BT Prestel Service 0234 219 201 02517 0234 219 201 07800 0234 219 201 15600 ESA1 ESA-IRS via London 0234 219 201 18 ADPUK ADP Network Services Ltd 0234 219 210 050 BT Mailbox facility (NFS) 0234 219 511 31 GEC GEC Computers Borehamwood 0234 219 511 311 GECB GEC Computers Ltd. Borehamwood 0234 219 513 11 GECB GEC Computers Ltd. Borehamwood 0234 219 709 111 Modular Computer Services Ltd. (MODCOMP) ? 0234 219 709 111 NPL1 National Physical Laboratory 0234 219 709 210 NPL2 National Physical Laboratory, Protocol Std Group B 0234 219 806 160 QMC Queen Mary College London X 0234 220 200 1070 island-Adventure-Game X 0234 220 200 10700 island-Adventure-Game 0234 220 641 141 ESSX Essex, University of, Computing Service (2653,2653,Mist) A 0234 220 641 1411 MUD (Adventure Game), , or <2653,2653> B 0234 221 222 122 MIDB MIDNET Gateway at Birmingham (=MIDBHM) 0234 221 222 223 BIRP Prime R & D at Birmingham 0234 221 222 225 Freight Comp. Services 0234 222 236 163 CARDF Cardiff, University College 0234 222 236 16300 CARDIFF Univ. Coll. Cardiff Multics 0234 222 236 236 UWIST University of Wales 0234 222 300 16102 ACORN Acorn Computers 0234 222 339 399 CAMBRID Cambridge University (Phoenix) 0234 222 530 303 SWURCC South-West Universities 0234 222 530 30388 SWURCC South-West Universities Network 0234 222 530 30398 SWCFTP SWURCC (FTP) A 0234 222 715 151 KENT University of Kent X 0234 222 715 11 ? (---,Guest,Friend (call PIP)) 0234 223 440 TI Texas Instruments Ltd 0234 223 440 144 BED5 Prime R & D at Bedford (NFS) 0234 223 440 345 TI Texas Instruments Ltd 0234 223 500 10998 HLH High Level Hardware Ltd. B 0234 223 519 111 AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell T 0234 223 519 11198 ADA ADA UK Database 0234 223 519 119169 JANET 0234 223 519 191 DLVAFTP Daresbury SRS VAX (FTP) A 0234 223 519 191 JANET Gateway to JANET at Rutherford 0234 223 519 191 OUCSFTP OUCS VAX (FTP) - Experimental 0234 223 519 191 REVSFTP ROE Starlink VAX (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLDAFTP Rutherford DCS 11/70 (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLGBFTP RL GEC (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLIBFTP RL IBM 370 CMS (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLPCFTP L Prime C (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 SERC Gateway to SERCNET at Rutherford 0234 223 519 191 SERCENQ SERCNET Acc & P/word Fac. 0234 223 519 191 SYPEFTP Surrey Prime 550 (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 UEAFTP East Anglia via SERC (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 ZUVSFTP UCL Starlink VAX (FTP) A 0234 223 519 19169 SERCNET R/ford XXX SERCnet g/way (=DARESBURY,=JANET?) ? 0234 223 519 19169,.10404000 Lancaster Uni B 0234 223 519 19169,.36 Oxford2 ? 0234 223 519 19169,49000001 B 0234 223 519 19169,.50200014 Oxford B 0234 223 519 19169,.CPVC Omega VAX A 0234 223 519 19169,.CPVD Merlin VAX B 0234 225 621 126 DECSS DEC Software Support VAX (=BEANO?) 0234 227 200 110 GEAC 8000 ITI 0234 227 200 112 HPLB HPLB (Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol) 0234 227 230 230 BRST University of Bristol 0234 227 230 23000 BRISTOL University of Bristol 0234 227 230 231 DLLON Comp. & Manag. Services Ltd. 0234 227 230 301 GAC Computers Ltd. 0234 227 230 333 AVON Avon Universities Computer Centre 0234 227 230 33300 AUCC Avon Universities Computer Centre 0234 227 230 33398 AUCCFTP AUCC (FTP) B 0234 227 900 102 BLAISE British Library Information System 0234 227 900 10400 ESTELLE STC Estelle 0234 227 900 14302 ITT ITT Harlow (=ALCATEL?) 0234 231 300 101 PRIME Office, Edinburgh 0234 231 300 102 Forestry Commission FTP 0234 231 300 105 LATTLOG Lattice Logic LTD 0234 231 300 107 B 0234 231 354 354 ERCC Edinburgh Regional Computer Centre 0234 231 354 35419 BUSHFTP RCO 2988 (FTP) B 0234 231 354 35422 ERCC ERCC - 2980, 2972 (EMAS) (=RCONET?) 0234 232 500 124 EXIS EXIS I 0234 233 458 158 STAND St. Andrews University VAX B 0234 233 458 15898 STANFTP St. Andrews Univ. (FTP) 0234 234 417 117 ICL at Bracknell 0234 227 230 333 ? B 0234 239 232 323 EXETER1 Exeter University 0234 239 232 32304 EXTR University of Exeter 0234 241 200 107 0234 241 260 106 SCRSX University of Strathcylde PDP-11/44 (RSX) A 0234 241 260 10604 ? (,5020015,Birch/Bryan) 0234 241 260 260 GLSG University of Glasgow (NFS) B 0234 241 260 26004 Glasgow 0234 246 200 10243 ICL West Gorton 'B' Service 0234 246 200 10248 ICL West Gorton 'X' Service 0234 246 200 10277 ICL West Gorton Perq 0234 246 240 240 ICLL ICL at Letchworth (=Kidsgrove?) (NFS) 0234 247 300 103 MTIER Management Systems Ltd. 0234 247 300 10300 Bridge, Switch 0234 247 300 10340 Bridge, (VAX/VMS) 0234 247 300 10345 Bridge, (MUX(VT100)) 0234 247 300 10346 Bridge 0234 247 302 022 MHGA LDC at Martlesham 0234 248 300 106 DWENT-SDC Search Service 0234 248 321 321 DWENT-SDC Search Service B 0234 251 248 248 LIVE University of Liverpool 0234 252 724 241 BSL BL Systems Ltd. 0234 253 265 165 LEEDS University of Leeds (NFS) 0234 253 300 124 CAMTEC Camtec, Leicester 0234 253 300 12406 CAMTEC Camtec, Leicester (hard copy printer) 0234 258 200 106 ARC Agricultural Research Council (GEC - Switch) 0234 258 200 106 EMALFTP East Malling (FTP) 0234 258 200 106 RESFTP RES (Rothampstead) - FTP 0234 258 200 10604 AGRIFTP AGRINET (CPSE) FTP 0234 258 200 10604 AGRINET AGRINET Gateway 0234 258 200 10604 EASTMAL East Malling 0234 258 240 242 GECD GEC Computers Ltd at Dunstable 0234 258 240 24200 MRCA GEC - Marconi Research Centre B 0234 260 227 227 MIDN MIDNET Gateway at Nottingham (University Leicester?) (=MIDNOT?) B 0234 261 456 8383 Microlink B 0234 261 600 119 Manchester 0234 261 600 133 IBM - SALE (also FTP) B 0234 261 600 152 UMDAFL University of Manchester Dataflow VAX 0234 261 643 143 UMRCC University of Manchester Regional Computer Centre 0234 261 643 14398 UMRFTP UMRCC (FTP) 0234 261 643 210 SALF Salford University 0234 261 643 21090 SALFORD Salford -> GANNET 0234 261 643 21090 NRS NRS B 0234 261 643 343 FERRANTI Feranti Computer Systems 0234 261 643 365 ICLBRA 0234 261 643 36543 ICL West Gorton 'B' Service 0234 261 643 36548 ICL West Gorton 'X' Service 0234 261 643 36577 ICL West Gorton Perq (also FTP) 0234 262 500 484 Software Sciences Ltd. B 0234 262 800 151 CDM/EH (=Maidenhead?) 0234 262 800 43300 B 0234 263 259 159 NUMAC University of Newcastle 0234 264 200 136 Primenet B 0234 270 500 115 MAXXIM B 0234 270 500 142 Farenham T 0234 270 500 15 Uni Brighton (GUEST,WELCOME) 0234 270 712 217 HATF Hatfield Polytechnic 0234 273 417 171 DEC-RDG Digital Equipment Ltd Reading 0234 273 417 217 MODC Modcomp 0234 273 417 317 DECR DEC at Reading 0234 274 200 103 SHEFFIELD, University of, Dept.of Electronic & Elec... 0234 274 200 103*DCODUCODUS Codus 0234 274 253 385 DVY Computing Ltd. 0234 274 317 31 0234 275 300 102 GIS Ltd. 0234 275 312 212 BOC British Oxygen (=The World Reporter??) 0234 275 312 212 DATASOLVE as above 0234 275 312 212 EUROLEX British Oxygen Company 0234 275 317 173 Lynx Computers Ltd. 0234 275 317 177 TELEFILE Computer Services Ltd. 0234 275 317 177 GSI GSI (NFS) 0234 278 228 282 ICL Letchworth 0234 278 228 288 ICL Letchworth 0234 284 400 108 Culham, (VAX) 0234 284 400 123 ALVEY Alvey Electronic Mail B 0234 289 500 109 UXB 0234 290 468 168 YORK York University PSS Gateway B 0234 290 468 168 YORKFTP York University (FTP) 0234 290 468 168 Gateway To DEC-10 At York 0234 290 468 16804 YORKTS York TS29 Port 0234 290 524 242 RSRE Radio, Space Research Establishment 0234 290 524 24203 RSREDL RSRE 0234 290 524 24204 RSRESNK RSRE 0234 290 524 24250 RSREA Radio, Space Research Establishment for ALVEY mail 0234 290 840 111 POLIS SCION 0234 290 840 111 SCICON SCICON, South England 0234 292 549 149 DL SERC at Daresbury Laboratory 0234 293 212 212 DATASOLVE LTD. 0234 293 212 212 BOC British Oxygen Company (NFS) D 0234 293 765 ARTTEL British Library, Boston Spa 0234 293 765 265 British Library Lending Divi. 0234 299 212 221 NOLTON Nolton Communications Ltd. (NFS) 0234 3 Euronet 0234 307 813 EUROINFO Euronet Diane Information Service 0234 8 TELEX UK Telex network 0234 892 992 0 DECTELX I 0235 200 143 00165 0238 DK Denmark 0238 2 Datapak A 0238 241 592 400 Valby I/S Datacentralen A 0238 241 745 600 RECKU Univac in Copenhagen University 0238 241 745 60000 Recku Univac (Enter @@ENQ) 0238 241 745 60002 UDIKU A 0238 242 126 400 Lyngby DTB; I/S Datacentralen I 0238 389 3 Euronet Aarhus 0240 S Sweden I 0240 181 559 76 LIUIDA S Linkvping LiUIDA Teletex 0240 2 Datapak A 0240 200 002 05 Uppsala STUNS VAX/UNIX KULING I 0240 200 044 4 ENEA ENEA A 0240 200 100 110 Stockholm QZ/DEC-10 A 0240 200 100 120 Stockholm QZ/CD Cyber 730 O 0240 200 100 203 Uppsala, UU, Teknikum, NORD 100/500 A 0240 200 100 205 Uppsala, UU, Stuns, VAX 750 A 0240 200 100 206 Uppsala, UDAC/DECnet RTR18A O 0240 200 100 207 Uppsala, UDAC, Cyber 835 A 0240 200 100 228 Uppsala, UDAC/UPNET - Terminalnaet A 0240 200 100 232 Uppsala, UDAC, IBM/GUTS (BASF 7/68 ?) O 0240 200 100 28 Uppsala Upnet ? 0240 200 100 30 Umeaa VAX-750 Skogsh. Umeaa Univ A 0240 200 100 303 Umeaa, UMDAC/BIOVAX A 0240 200 100 304 Umeaa, Skogshoegskolan, VAX 750 A 0240 200 100 305 Umeaa, UMDAC/DECnet RTR09A, (Vax 11/750) A 0240 200 100 30520 Umeaa, UMDAC/BASUN A 0240 200 100 30540 Umeaa, UMDAC/UTB1 (Vax 11/780) A 0240 200 100 30550 Umeaa, UMDAC/UTB2 (Vax 11/750) A 0240 200 100 30570 Umeaa, UMDAC/OSTVAX (Vax 11/780, Hoegsk i Oe-sund) A 0240 200 100 307 Umeaa, UMDAC/Cyber 850 D 0240 200 100 312 Luleaa, Tekn hoegsk, NORD 100 D 0240 200 100 313 Luleaa, Tekn hoegsk, NORD 100 A 0240 200 100 328 Umeaa, UMDAC/NUNET - Terminalnaet D 0240 200 100 33 Umeaa VAX-11/780 A 0240 200 100 403 Linkoeping, ULi/LIUIDA, uVAX-I D 0240 200 100 404 Linkoeping, ULi/PDP 11/23 BULL A 0240 200 100 405 Linkoeping, LIDAC, VAX 11/780 VIKTOR A 0240 200 100 407 Linkoeping, LIDAC/DECnet RTR13A, uVAX-II D 0240 200 100 432 Linkoeping, LIDAC/TEXAS - Terminalnaet A 0240 200 100 7 Primenet A 0240 200 101 903 Stockholm, SU, Psykologi, Prime 750 A 0240 200 101 904 Stockholm, QZ IBM (Amdahl) A 0240 200 101 905 Stockholm, QZ, NFRVAX A 0240 200 101 907 Stockholm, QZ/DECnet RTR08A A 0240 200 101 914 Stockholm, SU, Fysik, Vax 780 D 0240 200 101 926 Stockholm, KTH/KTHNET - Terminalnaet A 0240 200 101 928 Stockholm, QZ/QZNET - Terminalnaet O 0240 200 102 06 Uppsala UDAC uVAX-II RTR18A O 0240 200 102 07 Uppsala CD Cyber 835 A 0240 200 102 7 Stockholm DEC-10/Janus A 0240 200 102 71 Stockholm DEC-10/Janus A 0240 200 201 603 Goeteborg, CTH, Infobeh, VAX 750, Unix D 0240 200 201 604 Goeteborg, GU, Pedagogiska inst, Prime 550 A 0240 200 201 605 Goeteborg, GU, Statistiska inst, Prime 550 D 0240 200 201 606 Goeteborg, CTH, Tillaempad Elektronik, VAX 750 A 0240 200 201 607 Goeteborg, Tillaempad Elektronik/DECnet RTR31A (RTR18A ?) A 0240 200 201 628 Goeteborg, GD/GUCNET - Terminalnaet D 0240 200 201 632 Goeteborg Upnod A 0240 200 205 4 SCB A 0240 200 278 0 Oerebro, Hoegskolan, Prime A 0240 200 292 6 Karlstad, Hoegskolan, VAX 11/780 D 0240 200 310 204 Lund, Fysikum, NORD 500, Lucas O 0240 200 310 206 Lund, Maxlab, NORD 100 A 0240 200 310 207 Lund, LDC/DECnet RTR46A, uVAX-II A 0240 200 310 20720 Lund, LDC/GEMINI, Vax 8350 A 0240 200 310 228 Lund, LDC/LUNET - Terminalnaet 0240 201 001 30 Stockholm QZ/Amdahl 0240 201 002 03 Uppsala Teknikum Nord 100/500 0240 5 SWEDEN Swedish data network (Telepak) I 0240 500 025 3 QZXB QZ by yet another route I 0240 500 025 7 Stockholm, DEC, VAX I 0240 501 50 Scannet, Goteborg I 0240 501 51 Scannet, Helsingfors I 0240 501 52 Stockholm KTH/TTDS I 0240 501 531 0 QZCOM QZ-COM - Stockholm University DEC-10 I 0240 501 532 0 QZCB QZ Cyber I 0240 501 533 0 QZIB QZ Amdahl I 0240 501 54 UPPS Uppsala network, Sweden I 0240 501 550 3 Gottenburg, Sweden I 0240 501 582 8 LUND Lund University I 0240 501 60 Helsinki CP9500 HYLK B7800 I 0240 502 00 Scannet, Stockholm I 0240 502 01 Denmark, Copenhagen Scannet I 0240 502 02 Tandem Computers I 0240 502 032 8 QZXA QZ Sweden via reverse PAD (=UPNET?) I 0240 502 032 832 Oden, Sweden I 0240 502 033 2 QZDA QZ DEC-10 Sweden I 0240 502 04 Prime Computers I 0240 502 05 Vaesteraas PAD ASEA Multics I 0240 502 52 KEMIDATA I 0240 502 53 QZXB QZ by yet another route 0240 515 330 Amdahl 0242 N Norway 0242 2 NORWAY Norwegian data network (Datapak/Norpak) 0242 192 010 1013 PSS DOC X 0242 211 000 00107 OSLO DEC-1099 DEC-net/PSI at Oslo University D 0242 211 000 001*D02 Oslo univ BRU-nett UNINETT D 0242 211 000 001*D03 OSLO DEC-10 at Oslo University D 0242 211 000 00100 Oslo univ DEC-1099 UNINETT D 0242 211 000 002 Oslo Scannet NSI Nord-100 D 0242 211 000 01018 DATAPIN DATAPAK Info - Norway B 0242 211 000 074 Oslo VAX T 0242 223 000 00151 RBK Cyber 170 at IFE (Energy Research Centre) T 0242 223 000 001*D00 RBK Cyber 170 at IFE, Kjeller RBK UNINETT D 0242 223 000 002 Kjeller FFI UNINETT D 0242 245 000 00101 BERGEN Univac at Bergen University (UNINETT) D 0242 245 000 001*D00 BERGEN Univac at Bergen University A 0242 245 013 4 BBB Mailbox (Bergen By Byte) 0242 253 000 001*D11 Trondheim UNINETT RUNIT UNIVAC T 0242 253 000 00101 RNI Univac at Trondheim University X 0242 253 000 00103 Trondheim RUNIT UNINETT VAX-780 (=PUNIT (EANNET) ?) T 0242 253 000 00104 Trondheim NLHT UNINETT VAX-750 0242 265 000 001*D00 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, Cyber 171 0242 253 000 001*D11 RUNIT Univac at Trondheim University 0242 265 000 001*D81 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, NORD-10 0242 265 000 001*D82 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, NORD-100 0242 265 000 001*D83 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, NORD-500 0242 265 000 00101 TROMSOE Cyber 170 at Tromsoe University (UNINETT) 0242 265 000 001*D81 TROMSO ELAN at Tromsoe University X 0242 265 000 106 PORTACOM (PORTACOM) 0244 SF Finland 0244 2 Datapak (Finpak) A 0244 202 006 Economics HP 3000 A 0244 202 007 University of Helsinki, B7800 (=CANDE ?) A 0244 202 008 VTKK (Staten DC) IBM 360 A 0244 202 012 U o Helsinki Mopo Mikko3 A 0244 203 008 HELVA High Energy Physics Vax 11/750 A 0244 203 017 U of Technology DEC-20 D 0244 231 006 Technical University of Tampere VAX A 0244 253 001 Tech U of Lappeenranta VAX/VMS A 0244 261 001 U of Vaasa VAX/VMS A 0244 273 002 University of Joensuu VAX D 0248 321 321 DWENT-SDC Search Service 0262 D Germany 0262 3 Euronet X 0262 307 4 INFAS 0262 4 GERMANY German data network (Datex-P) I 0262 428 462 10706 I 0262 428 479 11065 D 0262 432 210 43002 Apple Ar0262 432 210 93001 Quick-Com Y 0262 442 010 49132 O 0262 442 110 40325 OKI Y 0262 442 110 49130 PAD Frankfurt Y 0262 442 110 49133 Y 0262 442 110 49230 I 0262 442 151 40327 KIS (info) I 0262 442 210 49331 A 0262 442 210 90371 elma-mailbox (~pim) Y 0262 442 210 99632 O 0262 442 310 40312 Bibliothek Chemie I 0262 442 310 90306 Chemie I 0262 442 410 40341 RMI RMI Mailbox Aachen I 0262 442 433 40307 CMES O 0262 442 461 40343 Y 0262 443 000 49234 A 0262 443 000 90314 ? Y 0262 443 000 99131 I 0262 444 000 90314 CCC Hamburg (Clinch), Hackerbox (1 line...) Y 0262 444 000 90330 Allgemeine Bank der Niederlande O 0262 444 000 90342 Batig Beteiligungen GmbH A 0262 444 000 90374 Master Control System (MCS) Hamburg Y 0262 444 000 99132 Y 0262 444 441 40317 Osnabrueck, Driverstr.24, 2848 Vechta I 0262 445 110 30317 Metereologie I 0262 445 110 90323 Bibliothek I 0262 446 154 40371 DECATES - Oberramstadt Y 0262 446 210 49330 Y 0262 446 810 49131 Y 0262 446 810 49132 O 0262 446 900 30331 IBD Online Frankfurt a.M. I 0262 446 900 40318 Chemie Y 0262 446 900 49231 Y 0262 446 900 49232 I 0262 446 900 90286 RZ Y 0262 446 900 99133 O 0262 447 071 10303 Organische Chem. Y 0262 447 110 49134 I 0262 447 114 9236 Emery I 0262 447 127 90344 Y 0262 447 310 40313 Online-Literaturdok. A 0262 447 531 40310 Chemie I 0262 448 136 Luma Uni O 0262 448 136 90323 Genesys EDV-Systeme Y 0262 448 210 49630 A 0262 448 900 30368 Phoenix Y 0262 448 900 49130 A 0262 448 900 90313 Max Planck Institut Y 0262 448 900 90341 LMU Bibliothek Y 0262 448 900 99632 I 0262 449 310 90312 Apel Hans-Joerg I 0262 452 000 21721 ??? I 0262 450 000 90184 I 0262 451 104 2301 O 0262 452 010 40116 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 452 010 40179 RZ Uni Essen I 0262 452 020 40120 Apotheke Dr.Schiemes I 0262 452 080 40381 DVO Datenverarbeitung I 0262 452 090 832 ? I 0262 452 101 30030 3M Mailbox I 0262 452 101 40030 3M Mailbox I 0262 452 110 40001 RZU Duesseldorf (ND100) I 0262 452 110 40005 CIERR 1402 I 0262 452 110 40016 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. I 0262 452 110 40018 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. Ar0262 452 110 40026 Primenet Stadt Duesseldorf, I 0262 452 110 40063 ADAC I 0262 452 110 40080 Uni Duesseldorf Dr0262 452 110 40099 D 0262 452 110 40105 RZU Duesseldorf (Siemens 7.570) D 0262 452 110 40123 Data General Ar0262 452 110 40130 Dr0262 452 110 40132 A 0262 452 110 40134 MCKDU VM/SP I 0262 452 110 40211 Applid-Data-Research I 0262 452 110 40325 OKI-GmbH I 0262 452 110 90371 Software-Express I 0262 452 210 0 Yr0262 452 210 40002 DIMDI Fep 1 Koeln Ar0262 452 210 40004 Primenet (MicroVMS V4.5) A 0262 452 210 40006 DIMDI Fep 2 Koeln (Medical docs) I 0262 452 210 40015 Kaufhof AG I 0262 452 210 40027 ADAC Ar0262 452 210 40035 Primenet A 0262 452 210 40104 DIMDI1 (German Med. Inst., Koeln) Yr0262 452 210 40119 O 0262 452 210 40136 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 452 210 40202 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 40203 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 90265 RZ Uni Koeln I 0262 452 210 90304 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 90305 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 90349 Kaufhof AG (RZ 2) D 0262 452 210 90510 Geophysik und Meteorologie Ir0262 452 210 93001 ? A 0262 452 241 24104 VAX A 0262 452 241 24105 GMD2 A 0262 452 241 24134 GMDZI A 0262 452 280 40082 GMD (TSO) A 0262 452 280 40187 BNVA Bonn VAX (PI) Ar0262 452 280 40191 Infas GmbH (VM) D 0262 452 280 90020 Amtsgericht A 0262 452 310 40003 EMX1 EMEX-Mailbox (Guest) I 0262 452 310 40017 Primenet O 0262 452 310 40103 AEG-Telefunken A 0262 452 310 42100 Informatik A 0262 452 310 42144 UNIDO University of Dortmund I 0262 452 310 40017 Primenet I 0262 452 310 45100 Uni Dortmund (Siemens 7.760) A 0262 452 310 9304 Dortmund D 0262 452 340 40140 Primenet = RZU Bochum (CDL 855) ?? A 0262 452 340 40194 RUB Cyber 205 (=855?), Ruhr University - Bochum (RUB) D 0262 452 410 40149 Aachener + Muenchener Versicherung I 0262 452 410 90014 ??? I 0262 452 410 90528 rmi-aachen A 0262 452 410 90832 RMI Datentechnik Aachen I 0262 452 433 40307 OPTEL (Ruehlemann-Box) I 0262 452 461 90509 Kfz Juelich A 0262 452 710 40240 Uni Siegen, FB Physik (VAX 11/750) D 0262 452 931 40196 Handwerkskammer (HWK) Arnsberg I 0262 453 000 0414 GFC-AG D 0262 453 000 20104 Vax D 0262 453 000 217 HMI HMI in Berlin A 0262 453 000 21711 Siemens A 0262 453 000 21712 Siemens A 0262 453 000 21713 Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin D 0262 453 000 21714 ??? D 0262 453 000 40013 Uni Berlin Y 0262 453 000 40014 GFC AG Ar0262 453 000 40023 BERLIN Tech. Univ. Berlin (Computer Science) I 0262 453 000 40027 ADAC I 0262 453 000 40112 ABC Barkredit Bank I 0262 453 000 40166 David Verlag I 0262 453 000 40509 COM-Box Berlin A 0262 453 000 20205 CN01 A 0262 453 000 43109 netmbx, Berlin A 0262 453 000 90055 COM.BOX, Berlin A 0262 453 000 90864 ? (GUEST) I 0262 453 002 17 HMI Hans Mietner Institute in Berlin I 0262 453 004 0023 Uni Berlin I 0262 453 210 40017 tymnet-gateway I 0262 454 000 30029 A 0262 454 000 30035 (immediately drops the line) A 0262 454 000 30041 COM-PLETE (?) (command prefix is '*') A 0262 454 000 30046 (immediately drops the line) O 0262 454 000 30071 A 0262 454 000 30090 (cierr 1402) A 0262 454 000 30104 ? ("INVALID COMMAND SYNTAX") A 0262 454 000 30105 A 0262 454 000 30110 Host A 0262 454 000 30113 (cierr 1402) A 0262 454 000 30138 ? (no reaction) D 0262 454 000 30150 D 0262 454 000 30158 A 0262 454 000 30175 ? ("INVALID COMMAND SYNTAX") D 0262 454 000 30187 E2000 Hamburg VAX O 0262 454 000 30201 Hasylab VAX (user/user) A 0262 454 000 30202 HERA Magnet Measurement VAX 750 (=Krista Cryogenics Control ?) A 0262 454 000 30215 ? ("INVALID COMMAND SYNTAX") D 0262 454 000 30259 D 0262 454 000 30261 A 0262 454 000 30296 DFH2001I A 0262 454 000 30502 I 0262 454 000 30519 A 0262 454 000 30566 DFH2001I O 0262 454 000 30578 Primenet 20.0.4 DREHH I 0262 454 000 40014 Hahn Egon RZ !! Code: EBCDIC !! I 0262 454 000 40015 ??? Y 0262 454 000 40042 ??? D 0262 454 000 40044 Primenet MUF I 0262 454 000 40053 SCHERAX Y 0262 454 000 40078 ??? A 0262 454 000 40082 ? (no reaction) I 0262 454 000 40103 Airbus I 0262 454 000 40109 ??? I 0262 454 000 40111 BADGER D 0262 454 000 40198 Argus IPP-Vax I 0262 454 000 43100 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. A 0262 454 000 50233 Altos Hamburg (althh) (Gast) I 0262 454 000 8001 DYVA MARK J VAX at DESY I 0262 454 000 90047 AEG-Telefunken A 0262 454 000 90092 Data-General A 0262 454 000 90184 Uni Hamburg (VAX) (=UKE?) I 0262 454 000 90194 Verbraucherbank AG O 0262 454 000 90241 ??? I 0262 454 000 90258 Desy ( Vax ) I 0262 454 000 90558 Philips VAX D 0262 454 000 90560 EMBLHH EMBL VAX at Hamburg (Eur.Molecular Biol.Lab.) I 0262 454 000 905602 ??? A 0262 454 000 90582 Desy V.24 Switch A 0262 454 000 91110 Deutsche Mailbox 1 A 0262 454 000 91120 Deutsche Mailbox 2 A 0262 454 000 92210 DESYNET A 0262 454 000 9306 DYVA MARK J VAX at DESY D 0262 454 103 90161 Astra Chemicals GmbH 0262 454 106 40206 RCA A 0262 454 210 40064 COMTES O 0262 454 210 40108 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 454 210 40145 AEG-Telefunken Y 0262 454 210 40244 AEG-Telefunken O 0262 454 210 42001 Bremen I 0262 454 210 90302 Computerland VAX O 0262 454 298 43070 Infex 2 I 0262 454 310 40545 Kiel IMF A 0262 454 410 30033 Uni Oldenburg I 0262 454 421 40045 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. I 0262 454 488 40147 Essmann Getraenke GmbH I 0262 455 110 40081 Airbus I 0262 455 110 40171 Alli-Frischdienst A 0262 455 110 42330 Uni Hannover (VM/370) A 0262 455 110 43020 Nachrichtentechnik (VAX) I 0262 455 110 701 Uni Hannover A 0262 455 110 90192 ??? A 0262 455 110 90835 CosmoNet (GAST) A 0262 455 110 92200 RZ D 0262 455 151 40212 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 455 152 90154 Oldenburger Volksbank I 0262 455 210 40562 Uni Bielefeld (CGK/TR440) I 0262 455 251 90192 Paderborn D 0262 455 251 90193 Paderborn A 0262 455 251 93020 Uni Paderborn (4.3 BSD UNIX) D 0262 455 362 90057 IUM I 0262 455 410 40086 Alli-Frischdienst I 0262 455 410 40162 RZ I 0262 455 410 40560 Bibliothek I 0262 455 421 043050 ORION A 0262 455 510 32804 Uni Goettingen (choose VAX or IBM) I 0262 455 521 90172 Spar & Darlehenskassen I 0262 455 818 104 Anders Frido GmbH I 0262 455 910 40094 Essmann Getraenke GmbH I 0262 455 931 40095 Ruhr AG I 0262 456 061 40097 Polydress Plastic GmbH I 0262 456 102 4301 DEC Frankfurt I 0262 456 102 90145 Nadler-Werke GmbH I 0262 456 103 40332 Amann KG I 0262 456 104 0250 Tymnet A 0262 456 106 40254 Alfa Service Partner (Primenet) I 0262 456 106 90119 Alfa Service Partner I 0262 456 110 40009 IBM Centre for Info and Doc, Germany I 0262 456 110 40037 Control Data (Test.-Serv.C4,ZZA201,CDC) I 0262 456 110 40076 Autonet I 0262 456 110 40105 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 40106 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 40107 CN01 I 0262 456 110 40187 WAX Bank FRA I 0262 456 110 40240 City-Bank FFM (Uni Bochum ??) I 0262 456 110 40245 ?? I 0262 456 110 40250 Tymnet (Id=Information) I 0262 456 110 40303 American Express I 0262 456 110 40305 American Express I 0262 456 110 40311 AMC I 0262 456 110 40365 AMP I 0262 456 110 90211 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 90212 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 90322 American Express I 0262 456 110 90347 American Express I 0262 456 121 40207 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. I 0262 456 121 40217 BKA I 0262 456 121 40225 BKA I 0262 456 121 90580 BKA I 0262 456 131 40138 Uni Mainz RZ I 0262 456 131 40545 RZ Y 0262 456 131 90031 Allg.Kreditversicherung Y 0262 456 151 40282 ??? A 0262 456 151 40516 Uni Darmstadt (Siemens 7.xxx) A 0262 456 151 40547 GSI Darmstadt (EMMA-VAX 8600) A 0262 456 151 42807 GMD Darmstadt (CADMUS 9240) I 0262 456 172 90070 A-Kredit I 0262 456 193 40082 Apotheken Marketing D 0262 456 196 40095 Data General Schwalbach A 0262 456 196 40107 Int.Doc.Chem. A 0262 456 210 40000 Telebox der DBP (ID INF100,Telebox) A 0262 456 210 40014 ACF/VTAM A 0262 456 210 40025 Oeva A 0262 456 210 40026 HOST D 0262 456 210 40027 BASF/FER.VAX 8600 I 0262 456 210 40097 Nadler-Werke GmbH I 0262 456 210 40217 Primenet I 0262 456 210 40324 Abacus D 0262 456 210 40508 VCON0.BASF.A6 A 0262 456 210 40516 CN01 A 0262 456 210 40532 A 0262 456 210 40580 DYNAPAC MULTI-PAD.25 A 0262 456 210 40581 DYNAPAC MULTI-PAD.25 A 0262 456 210 40582 A 0262 456 210 90000 Telebox der DBP I 0262 456 221 3002 EMBL European Microbiology Lab (or European Molecular Biological Lab.) (=ALKOR?) D 0262 456 221 40201 DKFZ (Heidelberg) I 0262 456 221 40244 Franny (=Max Planck VAX=MPI?) I 0262 456 310 40252 I 0262 456 310 421 D 0262 456 310 424 I 0262 456 310 4302 I 0262 456 340 40136 Nadler-Werke GmbH A 0262 456 410 30021 HRZ-Giessen I 0262 456 410 40142 Aachener + Muenchener Versicherung A 0262 456 410 90040 HRZ Giessen (CDCNET-X.25) I 0262 456 410 90828 Ernaehrungswissenschaften I 0262 456 441 90335 Leerwe GmbH I 0262 456 615 142804 GMD, Darmstadt A 0262 456 673 13330 Geonet 1 (ex IMCA) A 0262 456 673 13340 Geonet 3 I 0262 456 673 30070 IMCA-Mailbox, Solmser Str.