 M BOBO ˥    d H H H H H H                            r       H         ˉ                ˖7            B.
  7Pr    ϺnJG>    @3B3\DFG> Z                   ˨                      -       Z                                                 l    `   7            B.
  7Pr    ϺnJG>    @3B3\DFG>   x    H H    @Rd(   hh    @    d         '                                                                                                                 s   s                         l g`   /   j          0        cuWt                           q r         H                   H      @Wt`                    H                    j                    |                X  !             ( | DSET   s T Ta         l7    ˯             d (              ͺ (              ͏ (              
 (              | (               (               (              bt (              Yˆ (              ! (              $ˮ (              & (              )_ (              ,+ˏ (              /˧ (              2sˀ (              5 (              8ͻ (              < (              AF (              Dʑ (              Hrʖ (              J (              Oʻ (              S2ʃ (              Weʿ (              []ʺ (              ^ʏ (              cyʥ (              gVʀ (              kʨ (              oKʮ (              sWʧ (              v ʆ (              x (              z (              ~8 (              T (               (               (               (              @ (              | (              x (              t (              p (              l (              h (              d (              ` (              \ (              X (              0T (              P (              L (              H (              D (              ջ@ (              < (              (8 (              4 (              0 (              S, (              #( (              /$ (              ]  (               (               (              ׇ (              ! (             o (              (             
d (             6  (             ¸ (             ¯ (              (             ½ (             #u (             'e (             +7 (             -y (             0 (             5
 (             8 (             =9 (             AS (             E5» (             Hh (             L¿ (             Pº (             U0 (             Ys¥ (             \ (             `¨ (             d® (             h§ (             l (             q3 (             s (             w (             |} (              (             ָ (              (              (             :| (             (x (             Nt (             p (             l (             Fh (             hd (             ` (             \ 	                          M       N                                  >      ?                              (      )      *      +      S      T                                          (      )      _      `                                          .      /      \      ]                                                            	      ?      @      i      j                                                      8      9      :      ;      <      =                                          C      D                                                      _      `                                                      	      	      	      	      	      	      	L      	M      	N      	O      	P      	Q      	q      	r      	s      	t      	      	      
      
      
]      
^      
      
      
      
      I      J                              ,      -      x      y                                                      
H      
I      
      
      
      
      
      
      
                   	      
            W      X                              C      D                              +      ,      y      z                              _      `                              I      J                              5      6                                                      R      S                              @      A                              /      0      z      {      |      }                                          Z      [      n      o      p      q      r      s                  	      
             !      "      #      $      %      @      A      T      U                              5      6      }      ~                              b      c                                                                              U      V                              B      C                              /      0      ~                                                X      Y      Z      [                              :      ;                                             #       $       %       &       s       t                                                !      !       !h      !i      !r      !s      !t      !u      !v      !w      !      !      "      "      "I      "J      "d      "e      "      "      "      "      "      "      #0      #1      #M      #N      #O      #P      #m      #n      #o      #p      #q      #r      #      #      #      #      #      #      $      $      $K      $L      $M      $N      $      $      $      $      $      $      $      $      %      %      %      %      %H      %I      %J      %K      %v      %w      %x      %y      %      %      %      %      %      %      %      %      %      %      %      %      &       &      &      &      &K      &L      &      &      &      &      &      &      &      &      '      '      '      '      '      '      '      '      'g      'h      '      '      '      '      (J      (K      (L      (M      (      (      (      (      (      (      )      )      )
      )      )\      )]      )^      )_      )`      )a      )b      )c      )~      )      )      )      )      )      )      )      )      )      *G      *H      *      *      *      *      +(      +)      +P      +Q      +R      +S      +      +      +      +      +      +      +      +      ,(      ,)      ,*      ,+      ,l      ,m      ,      ,      ,      ,      ,      ,      ,      ,      -      -      -R      -S      -T      -U      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      .>      .?      .s      .t      .u      .v      .      .      .      .      /      /      /      /      /O      /P      /      /      /      /      /      /      /      /      /      /      07      08      09      0:      0;      0<      0{      0|      0      0      1      1      1      1      1N      1O      1      1      1      1      2)      2*      2r      2s      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      2      3      3      3      3      3c      3d      3      3      3      3      4D      4E      4      4      4      4      4      4      4      4      5      5      5+      5,      5]      5^      5_      5`      5      5      5      5      5      5      6:      6;      6      6      6      6      7      7      7      7      7L      7M      7      7      7      7      7      7      8      8      8      8      8      8      8      8      8      8      8E      8F      8G      8H      8      8      8      8      9&      9'      9(      9)      9t      9u      9      9      :      :      :2      :3      :4      :5      :      :      :      :      :      :      :      :      ;#      ;$      ;r      ;s      ;      ;      <      <      <T      <U      <      <      <      <      <      <      =      =      =O      =P      =      =      =      =      =      =      >      >      >W      >X      >      >      >      >      ?:      ?;      ?      ?      ?      ?      ?      ?      @      @      @k      @l      @      @      @      @      @      @      AF      AG      A      A      A      A      B,      B-      B.      B/      B|      B}      B      B      B      B      B      B      C2      C3      C~      C      C      C      D      D      D%      D&      D'      D(      Dw      Dx      Dy      Dz      D      D      D      D      D      D      D      D      E3      E4      E5      E6      E      E      E      E      E      E      E      E      FB      FC      F^      F_      F`      Fa      F      F      F      F      GJ      GK      GZ      G[      G\      G]      G      G      G      G      G      G      H.      H/      Hq      Hr      Hs      Ht      H      H      H      H      H      H      H      H      I      I	      I7      I8      I9      I:      In      Io      Ip      Iq      I      I      J      J      JN      JO      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      J      K5      K6      Kn      Ko      K      K      K      K      L      L      LR      LS      L      L      L      L      L      L      M6      M7      Mo      Mp      M      M      M      M      M      M      M      M      N2      N3      N      N      N      N      O      O      Oc      Od      O      O      O      O      PI      PJ      P      P      P      P      P      P      Q      Q      Qd      Qe      Q      Q      Q      Q      R      R      R      R      RM      RN      RQ      RR      R      R      R      R      S6      S7      S      S      S      S      T      T      Te      Tf      T      T      T      U       UK      UL      U      U      U      U      U      U      V*      V+      Vx      Vy      V      V      V      V      W1      W2      Wc      Wd      We      Wf      W      W      X       X      XO      XP      X      X      X      X      Y
      Y      Y      Y      Y^      Y_      Y      Y      Y      Y      ZH      ZI      Z}      Z~      Z      Z      Z      Z      Z      Z      [      [      []      [^      [m      [n      [      [      [      [      \      \      \V      \W      \      \      \      \      ]=      ]>      ]      ]      ]      ]      ]      ]      ]      ]      ]      ]      ^      ^      ^d      ^e      ^      ^      ^      ^      ^      ^      _      _      _a      _b      _      _      _      _      `I      `J      `      `      `      `      `      `      a0      a1      a}      a~      a      a      b      b      b_      b`      b      b      b      b      b      b      c,      c-      cE      cF      cG      cH      cy      cz      c{      c|      c      c      d      d      d^      d_      d      d      d      d      e@      eA      e]      e^      e_      e`      e      e      e      e      fD      fE      f      f      f      f      f      f      f      f      f      f      g      g      gV      gW      g      g      g      g      h9      h:      h      h      h      h      h      h      h      h      i7      i8      i      i      i      i      j      j      jk      jl      j      j      j      j      j      j      k5      k6      k      k      k      k      l      l      l/      l0      l1      l2      l|      l}      l      l      m      m      md      me      m      m      m      m      n7      n8      n9      n:      n      n      n      n      n      n      n      n      n      n      o      o
      oK      oL      o      o      o      o      p	      p
      pG      pH      p      p      p      p      p      p      q      q      q      q      q3      q4      qA      qB      qC      qD      q      q      q      q      r*      r+      rv      rw      r      r      s      s      sV      sW      sX      sY      sZ      s[      sh      si      sv      sw      sx      sy      s      s      t      t      tY      tZ      t[      t\      t]      t^      t      t      t      t      t      t      u,      u-      ul      um      u      u      u      u      u      u      u      v       v@      vA      vB      vC      v      v      v      v      v      v      v      v      v      v      wE      wF      wG      wH      w      w      w      w      w      w      w      w      w      w      w      w      x*      x+      x,      x-      xe      xf      xg      xh      x      x      x      x      x      x      x      x      y&      y'      y(      y)      y`      ya      yb      yc      yd      ye      yp      yq      y|      y}      y~      y      y      y      z      z      z7      z8      z      z      z      z      z      z      z      z      {      {
      {      {      {      {      {      {      {'      {(      {Y      {Z      {      {      {      {      |      |      |@      |A      ||      |}      |      |      |      |      }0      }1      }l      }m      }      }      }      }      }      }      }      }      ~7      ~8      ~      ~      ~      ~                  _      `                              D      E                  Ļ      ą                              g      h                              Ť      ŋ      &      '      q      r      Ǫ      Ǻ            	      S      T                              ɳ      ɤ      '      (      t      u                              W      X      ְ      ֢                  &      '      *      +      x      y      ܞ      ܃                  F      G      J      K                                                      c      d      w      x      y      z      {      |                                          >      ?      x      y                              &      '      (      )      q      r                              G      H                                                                  -      .      /      0      p      q      r      s      }      ~                                                      ]      ^                                          T      U      |      }                                          A      B                                                      /      0      p      q                                          W      X                                                             !      "      #      @      A      o      p                                           %      &      ^      _                                          +      ,      l      m                              '      (      =      >      ]      ^                                                                              V      W      l      m                                                      
            I      J      ^      _      r      s                                                                         !      ]      ^                                                                  =      >      ?      @                                                                                                                  R      S      l      m      n      o                                          3      4      y      z                                          F      G                                    
      N      O                                                                  $      %      d      e                              .      /      w      x                              D      E                                                      &      '      i      j                                                                  e      f                                                      g      h                              M      N                              6      7                                          
            [      \                              >      ?                  ߒ            ߲            #      $      m      n                              "      #      $      %      i      j                              =      >                                          V      W                                                      W      X                              (      )      n      o                                          
                  
      Q      R                  Ɗ      ƥ      Ƶ      ƍ      ƈ      Ƙ      >      ?                  غ      ؝                              M      N      O      P                                                      S      T                                          	      
      7      8      9      :      c      d      e      f                                                                  =      >      `      a      }      ~                                          +      ,      -      .      /      0      m      n                              &      '      i      j                                                      H      I                              #      $      I      J      K      L                                                      A      B                                          @      A                              
            0      1      2      3      y      z                              >      ?                                          (      )      *      +      H      I      J      K                                          \      ]                                                                  ;      <                                          X      Y                                                      X      Y                                                                  E      F                                          C      D                                                	      F      G                                                      L      M      d      e      f      g                              &      '      (      )      r      s                              K      L                                          c      d                              /      0      j      k      l      m                              9      :      |      }                                                                              Q      R                              &      '      s      t                                                      d      e            À      ý                        8      9      Z      [      \      ]      Օ      ն      զ      խ      ի      ջ                  ^      _                                                      S      T                                                                  2      3      z      {                                          Z      [                              .      /      0      1      q      r      s      t                              C      D      E      F                                          e      f                                                      L      M                              (      )      t      u      v      w                  	      
      W      X                                                      Q      R                                                      O      P      Q      R                              +      ,      b      c      d      e                              <      =                                          (      )      *      +      u      v                              O      P      n      o      p      q      |      }      ~                        
            R      S                              #      $      l      m                              <      =                              
            S      T                                                                  
            R      S                                          g      h                                                      7      8      t      u                                                                                                                  "      #      i      j                              C      D                  ʟ      ʳ      "      #      U      V      W      X                              3      4      ~            ˠ                        [      \      ]      ^      ȣ      ȧ                  /      0      s      t      ́      ͊      ͂      ̈́      ͉            -      .      x      y      Φ      έ                              ]      ^      Ϯ      ϩ                  ?      @                  ̒                         *      +      ,      -      [      \      ]      ^      ӕ      Ӷ                  :      ;                  Ԗ      ԗ                  c      d                              2      3      }      ~      ҝ                  ҿ                              &      '      >      ?      V      W                  ڜ      ږ                  W      X      ۢ      ۣ      ۧ      ە      ۽            7      8                  ٌ      ٜ                  g      h                                                
      P      Q                                                                               f      g                              J      K      q      r      s      t                              )      *      e      f            І      П      г                  J      K      L      M                  ׼      ׇ      (      )      q      r      ݥ      ݵ      ݍ      ݎ      ݸ            F      G                                                      O      P                  ޒ            ޲                                    c      d                              !      "      #      $      \      ]                                          >      ?      w      x                                                 L     M                                             G     H     I     J     n     o     p     q                                              K     L                         $     %     _     `     a     b                         ;     <     =     >     v     w     x     y                                             f     g                         C     D                                             8     9     :     ;     z     {               	     	     	H     	I     	     	     	     	     
     
     
b     
c     
d     
e     
     
     
     
     
     
     ,     -     S     T     U     V                                             R     S                         
-     
.     
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Q     
     
     
     
     5     6                                   b     c     d     e                         E     F                                             _     `                                   6     7                                   d     e     w     x     y     z               
          S     T                                   
          L     M     N     O                                   !     "     m     n                    
     Y     Z                                             O     P                                   
                    W     X                         3     4     |     }                         f     g                                   -     .     }     ~                         c     d                                             a     b                         B     C                                                        1      2      x      y                 !     !     !N     !O     !     !     !     !     !     !     !     !     "6     "7     "     "     "     "     "     "     "     "     #*     #+     #t     #u     #     #     $     $	     $R     $S     $j     $k     $l     $m     $     $     $     $     %B     %C     %     %     %     %     %     %     &     &     &h     &i     &w     &x     &y     &z     &     &     &     &     &     &     '     '     'e     'f     '     '     '     '     (-     (.     (t     (u     (     (     (     (     (     (     (     (     (     (     )H     )I     )     )     )     )     )     )     *     *     *V     *W     *     *     *     *     *     *     +7     +8     +     +     +     +     +     +     +     +     +     +     +     +     ,     ,     ,0     ,1     ,E     ,F     ,i     ,j     ,k     ,l     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     ,     -     -
     -0     -1     -2     -3     -x     -y     -     -     -     -     .#     .$     .m     .n     .~     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     /     /     /     /     /[     /\     /     /     /     /     /     /     0A     0B     0C     0D     0     0     0     0     0     0     1     1     1Y     1Z     1     1     1     1     2:     2;     2     2     2     2     2     2     2     2     2     2     37     38     3     3     3     3     3     3     3     3     47     48     4~     4     4     4     5
     5     5S     5T     5U     5V     5     5     5     5     6+     6,     6n     6o     6p     6q     6     6     6     6     6     6     6     6     6     6     7     7     7     7     7[     7\     7     7     7     7     83     84     8y     8z     8     8     8     8     8     8     9*     9+     9r     9s     9     9     :     :     :L     :M     :     :     :     :     ;'     ;(     ;o     ;p     ;     ;     ;     ;     <I     <J     <w     <x     <y     <z     <     <     =     =     =9     =:     =;     =<     =z     ={     =     =     =     =     =     =     >     >     >]     >^     >     >     >     >     >     >     ?     ?     ?U     ?V     ?     ?     ?     ?     @     @     @]     @^     @     @     @     @     A     A     AS     AT     AU     AV     A     A     A     A     B     B     B     B     BP     BQ     B     B     B     B     B     B     B     B     C*     C+     Cl     Cm     C     C     C     C     D(     D)     Dh     Di     D     D     D     D     D     D     E5     E6     E|     E}     E     E     E     E     E     E     F-     F.     F/     F0     F1     F2     F>     F?     FK     FL     FX     FY     FZ     F[     F     F     F     F     F     F     G#     G$     Gi     Gj     G     G     G     G     H4     H5     Hh     Hi     Hj     Hk     H     H     H     H     I@     IA     I     I     I     I     J     J
     J     J     JP     JQ     J     J     J     J     J     J     J     J     K)     K*     Kr     Ks     K     K     L     L     LJ     LK     L     L     L     L     M     M     M*     M+     M,     M-     Mu     Mv     M     M     N     N     N     N     NL     NM     N     N     N     N     O,     O-     Oy     Oz     O     O     P     P     P[     P\     Pi     Pj     Pk     Pl     P     P     P     P     P     P     Q     Q
     QP     QQ     Q     Q     Q     Q     R     R      Rb     Rc     Rd     Re     R     R     R     R     S=     S>     S     S     S     S     T     T     T`     Ta     T     T     T     T     T     T     T     T     T     T     U0     U1     Ux     Uy     U     U     V
     V     VU     VV     V     V     V     V     V     V     W      W!     Wg     Wh     W     W     W     W     W     W     W     W     W     W     X-     X.     Xp     Xq     X     X     X     X     Y:     Y;     Ys     Yt     Yu     Yv     Y     Y     Y     Y     Y     Z      ZI     ZJ     Z     Z     Z     Z     Z     Z     [     [     [^     [_     [     [     [     [     [     [     \9     \:     \G     \H     \I     \J     \     \     \     \     ]     ]     ]B     ]C     ]D     ]E     ]     ]     ]     ]     ^!     ^"     ^i     ^j     ^     ^     ^     ^     _?     _@     _Z     _[     _\     _]     _^     __     _h     _i     _r     _s     _|     _}     _~     _     _     _     _     _     `     `     `O     `P     `     `     `     `     a*     a+     a,     a-     ay     az     a     a     b     b     bZ     b[     b     b     b     b     b     b     b     b     c      c     cE     cF     c     c     c     c     d     d     dd     de     d     d     d     d     d     d     e3     e4     e{     e|     e     e     e     e     e     e     f7     f8     fc     fd     fe     ff     f     f     f     f     g:     g;     g}     g~     g     g     h     h
     hT     hU     h     h     h     h     h     h     h     h     iI     iJ     i     i     i     i     j+     j,     jy     jz     j     j     j     j     j     j     j     j     j     j     k     k     k@     kA     kB     kC     k     k     k     k     l#     l$     ll     lm     l     l     l     m      m8     m9     m:     m;     m     m     m     m     n     n     n`     na     n     n     n     n     oC     oD     o     o     o     o     p     p     p     p     pR     pS     p     p     p     p     q2     q3     qG     qH     qI     qJ     q     q     q     q     q     q     q     q     q     q     rC     rD     r     r     r     r     s     s     s     s     sT     sU     sV     sW     sb     sc     sn     so     sp     sq     s     s     s     s     s     s     s     s     s     s     t4     t5     t}     t~     t     t     u     u
     uU     uV     u     u     u     u     u     u     v     v     vI     vJ     vq     vr     vs     vt     v     v     v     v     w4     w5     ww     wx     w     w     w     w     x1     x2     xt     xu     x     x     x     x     y4     y5     yw     yx     y     y     y     y     z3     z4     zv     zw     z     z     z     z     {4     {5     {w     {x     {     {     {     {     |&     |'     |Y     |Z     ||     |}     |     |     |     |     |     |     }     }     }S     }T     }X     }Y     }     }     }     }     ~'     ~(     ~o     ~p     ~     ~     ~     ~               F     G                                   d     e     ĩ     ę               /     0     q     r     Ŋ     ť     ů          @     A               Ǘ     Ǔ               e     f     ɩ     ə               2     3     u     v     ю     я     ш     ј     9     :     q     r     v     w     ֏     ֐          ָ     =     >               ܡ     ܬ               K     L                                             :     ;     {     |                         F     G                                   K     L                                   N     O                                             B     C                         
          M     N                                   `     a                         #     $     p     q                         N     O                         "     #     V     W                                             ^     _                                             _     `                         :     ;                         $     %     k     l                                         !     .     /     0     1                                                                 '     (     v     w                         c     d                         P     Q     R     S     T     U     V     W     e     f     g     h     i     j                                                        -     .     N     O     o     p     q     r                                                       /     0     V     W     X     Y     j     k                                                       -     .     `     a     b     c                                                                  1     2     a     b     c     d                                                       )     *     +     ,     E     F     \     ]     o     p                                                                 &     '     (     )     :     ;     N     O     a     b                                                                                                )     *     F     G     z     {     |     }                                             *     +     A     B     C     D     d     e                                                                 (     )     G     H     I     J     h     i                                                                 3     4     J     K     L     M     [     \     ]     ^                                                       4     5     E     F     ]     ^                                                                           
          +     ,     T     U     }     ~                                                                                	     
               
                                     
             8      l  ȏ  ȧ  Ȩ  ȿ  ȥ  Ȼ  Ⱥ  #wȖ  'dȃ  +Z  /7  3ȇ  6ȑ  :Ƚ  >ȋ  B  Fȉ  J   Ns  RO  VLȸ  Z2  ^%  b  e  i   m   q(  u  yz0  }q$  d8  Q,  3@  !4  H  <  P  D  X  L  d    T    U  4                  w  f  J  B  *  !         | 
x t p ~l ph Sd "7` &#\ )X -T 1P 5L 9H =D A@ E< I8 Mh4 QL0 UC , YC( ]7$ a5  e i
 l p t x |  ď  ʸ ʯ o Uʽ 5 1 -ʉ ʇ *ʋ         ______         ______     ____________       ____      ___     ______

      /  ____|\      /      \   |____    ____|\    /   | \  /   / |  /      \

    /  /  ____\|   /   __    |\  \_/   /|____\ | /     |  /   /  / /   __    |\

  /  /  /        /   /__/   /  | /   /  /      /   /|  |/   /  / /   /__/   / |

/  /__/______   |         /  / /   /  /      /   /  |     /  /  |         /  /

|____________|\ |\_____ /  / /__ /  /      /___/  / |___/  /    |\_____ /  /

|_____________\| \|____| /  |___| /       |___ |/   |___|/       \|____| /



                                   ____

                                  /    \ --- 

                                /        \   \ __  

                              /     /\     \   \  \   

                           _/______|_/    /   /   / \  

                          |          |  /   /   /  / 

                          |    ---\( |/   /   /  / 

                          |         \|\(/\(/ \(/    

                            |                   |   

                          /                  /

                        /    \             /

                      /         \     ___/

                                     /  

                                   /    

                                 /      



                      Communications of The New Order

                                Issue #2

                          September/October 1993



                         "Think somethings funny?

                                ...Laugh at this!"

                              -Suicidal Tendencies





             Master of Disaster......................Panther Modern

             Chairman of the Bored...................Nuklear Phusion

             Dean of Conference Science..............Karb0n

             Chief Financial Officer.................Cavalier

             Professor of Tagline Arts...............Jewish Lightning

             Janitor in Chief........................Dead Kat



           Special Than  ks:  John Falcon, Nitro-187, Thunderbolt, Talus,

           Scanner and Jupiter, Scott Simpson, Control-C, Thd, Magic Man,

           and all the small Telco's in the U.S. who provide us with so

           much pleasure.





<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>





                        __/\/InTRoDuCTioN\/\__





Welcome to Issue #2 of CoTNO!  



We have decided to change the publication period of the mag' to bi-monthly

instead of quarterly.  We feel as long as we have interesting topics to write

about, we might as well crank them out as fast as we can.  Of course we still

stand behind the ideals with which we started this 'zine.  We will only print

articals which are of general interest to the H/P community.  Those articals

will be oriented at the beginner to average hacker and we will keep the total

length of the 'zine short enough so it doesn't become a chore to read.  Of

course we still accept submissions from anyone who has the will to spread

a  round a little of thier expertise.  In fact, we have made it easier than 

ever to submit.  We have established an Internet mailing address where you

can send your proposals or you comments concerning CoTNO.  The address is:



                   ak687@freenet.hsc.colorado.edu



Of course if you can get on the TNO HQ BBS, Flatline, you can leave us mail

there.  Occasionally you may even be able to catch one of us on IRC or on a

bridge or in a Telco dumpster and you can chat with us live.  We look forward 

from hearing from you.



Ahem...



You may be aware that SRI International has been doing research hacking and

phreaking and recently released a free summary of thier findings in a report

titled "The State of Security of Cyberspace".  In the report they concluded

that "...much of cyberspace [is] relatively vulnerable to unauthorized access."

But they also stated that hackers generally only wish to "explore cyberspace 

as a purely intellectual exercise without malicious intent or behavior."    We

totally agree with SRI on this point.  Hackers merely want access to the 

resources and information that the government and powerful individuals take 

for granted.  Its a classic case of the "have's" versus the "have not's".  If

information, education, and the world's electronic resources were free and 

readily accessable, we wouldn't be forced to take what the rich consider

common.  But this is unfortunately not the case.  The rich and powerful feast

on information and technology while the masses beg for crumbs.  The corporate

and government elite horde information like the feudal tyrants of the dark

ages horded bullion.  And they are using thier wealth of technology to ensure

thier advantage over the masses and to make themselves wealthy at our expense.

As they rape the public they fill thier minds with propoganda that the true

threat to society is from "evil" hackers.  I can almost hear the coporate elite

laughing from thier penthouses and computing centers at us as we cower   behind 

our little PC's in our little apartments.  



In the report, SRI invites hackers to assist them in thier research through

face to face, telephone or e-mail interviews.  And what will SRI do with the

information that they gain from hackers?  Why sell it to the rich, monopolistic

corporations so that they can further tighten thier grip on thier information

stranglehold.  I am completely opposed to hackers assisting in thier research.

Aiding SRI is completely opposite of the hacker ideal of information freedom.

If you would like to contact SRI for a copy of this report or actually want to

participate in this research you reach them through the following people:



A.J. Bate                         Tom Mandel

Phone:  415-859-2206              Phone:  415-859-2365

Fax:    415-859-3154              Fax:    415-859-7544

E-mail: aj_bate@qm.sri.com        E-mail: mandel@unix.sri.com 

        aj@sri.com





In this issue we have concentrated more on the anarchistic side of H/P  .  Our

next issue will more oriented towards actual means and ways of hacking.

We hope you enjoy it!





 Table of Contents        

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 1.  Introduction.............................................Dead Kat

 2.  Tracking and Collections.................................John Falcon

 3.  Truth in ATM Fraud.......................................Panther Modern

 4.  Internet Outdial Listing.................................Dead Kat

 5.  Money Laudering Made EZ..................................Panther Modern

 6.  Frequently Asked Questions Concerning Telephones.........Nitro-187

 7.  The Phun Kit.............................................Panther Modern

 8.  Variations on Queensryche................................John Falcon





<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>





/---------------------------------------------------------------------------\

|                                                                             |

|       Tracking and Collections                                            |

|                                                                           |

|                                  By                                       |

|                                                                           |

|                                        John Falcon (aka Renegade)         |

|                                                                           |

\---------------------------------------------------------------------------/



This file was written on a Friday Night while listening to Pink Floyd

"The Wall" while at work...Aint being a parking attendant great?



Now people who know me or call Flatline and read the messages know that

I used to live in Colorado for about 18 years (just over 18) and that I had

to leave on some less than pleasant circumstances but before that time I

was a Collector/Skiptracer for a Collection Agency off Colorado Blvd and

w  e Collected on Apartment Leases and such.  (The adjacent office collected

on Encyclopedia's so I feel more fortunate than those poor bastards but

anyway).



You can get a great deal of information on people just by social engineering

and just basically being deceptive...(It's was great..I was being paid to

lie my ass off).



Now collection agency's in Colorado are required by Debt Collection Laws to

follow some rules...these rules are pretty much standard throughout the

country.





1) Never call a debtor before 8AM and after 8PM in their timezone.

2) Never call a friend or relative of the debtor and say that you are a

   friend of theirs. (*KEY THING* that you never say the word friend

   because that is a lie)

3) Never give out any information unless it's the debtor or the spouse of

   of the debtor. (Laws against Third-Party Disclosure)



But other than those three key things, you can pretty much have free

reign over the whole thing.



Ok...now to the real shit...





*Part   1: Banks*



Banks and Credit Unions are the best source to get information out of.

Most places have collections departments of some kind so you call a main

number and ask for the number for their department.



Now when you call there, make sure you take note on who you talked to

and remember personal information about them...Chat with them, hell they're

human too.



A usual conversation goes like this...



THEM>  First Interstate Bank, May I help you?



ME>    Yes, Collections department please.



THEM>  One moment while I transfer you....



ME>    Thanks!



after a few clicks and such...



THEM>  Collections department, Joan.



ME>    HI! This is John Falcon with CCA (my old company) I need to do a

       skiptrace on a debtor if you have the time?



THEM>  Sure John.  What is the customer's name or account number?



ME>    Their name is John Q. Public and their account number is 123456789.



......



You get the picture...the best thing to do is to use a already existi  ng

collection agency and say you work for them...  Because for one they may

have already established relations and people who call and work for them

are usually treated nice because someone at the real agency already did that.



They are just provideing a service *FREE* of charge to the Credit community.



Now I have a Rolodex full of numbers I kept in there from my agency because

these are good contacts to me...



Then I kept a second box full of CBI decode's.  Which brings us to part two..







*PART TWO: Credit Bureaus*



This is GOD's gift to the banks and department stores all around the world

because this is what controls your life...



When you think of TRW or CBI you are only thinking of Credit Bureaus.  They

do alot more underneath.  They provide Data Security for companies and

in some cases Physical security that is many times more harder than your

local rent-a-cop.  These two companies are truely trying to control your life

through data manupulation..It sucks...



(Hmm..p  ink floyd is flowing through me...Would? Would you like to see

 Britannia rule again?)



Anyway there are a million and one files on running CBI and TRW but

what they don't tell you is how we use them..



Normally we run a full credit report with decodes and everything

but there is alot more in those reports than you think...



Let's take one from one of the many CBI files and disassemble it..



*  102 CREDIT ACCOUNTS REPORTING SERVICE

   1333 N 27TH BOX 20661 BILLINGS MT 59109 406/252-6375



(The above tells what local CBI source did the original report on this

 person.)



*KRAMER,KELLY,J,,SHARON   SINCE 10/03/90  FAD 09/18/91          FN-218



(This like tells the person's name and his/her spouse and when they first

 gained credit and the last time it was updated...)



 2501,8TH,RD,HUNTLEY,MT,59037,DAT RPTD 09/91

 BOX 90,PO,,WORDEN,MT,59088,DAT RPTD 10/90

 4707,CHRISTENSEN,,BILLINGS,MT,59101,DAT RPTD 02/91



(These lines tell the addresses for the past 5 y  ears or so...so you can

 backtrack them to a location or even find their current address which

 should be the most currently reported which is on top...)



 BDS-06/28/67,SSS-517-80-1543



(This of course is their birth date and Social Security number)





*SUM-10/90-08/91,PR/OI-NO,FB-NO, ACCTS:2,HC$2000-9580, 2-ONES.

INQUIRY ALERT - SUBJECT SHOWS  9 INQUIRIES SINCE 06/91

------------------------------------------------------------------------------



*INQS-IAR AFFIRM 613RZ00140 09/18/91     DAT EMPL   613RZ00140 09/18/91

      AFFIRMATIV 613RZ140   09/18/91     IAR INTEGR 613BB01199 09/04/91

      DAT EMPL   613BB01199 09/04/91     F INT BILG 898BB387   09/03/91

      INTEGRATEC 613BB1199  08/15/91     GREEN TREE 613FP15698 07/29/91

      F INT BILG 898BB387   06/10/91     GRNTREE    896FM24    02/21/91

      BANK ONE   674BB1065  10/03/90     &



END OF REPORT EQUIFAX AND AFFILIATES -  09/18/91



Now they usually show this at the bottom of the bureau but...



Just o  ne look at this tells me it's an ALERT.  In other words this person is

trying to get credit or a loan real bad....their Credit line is around $10k

and I got a feeling they are over extended..or they have bad credit.  But

all of these places have current information.  So all you need to do is

run a decode on the code numbers like 674BB1065 and such.  In the spot where

it says 2-ONES means they pay their bills.  It goes on a 30 day cycle like

ONE=30 days

TWO=60 days

and so on...

EIGHT means Repossesion of somekind

NINE means that you have truely shitty credit...



Now when you run a decode you get a listing like this....



* MEMBER #    COMP. NAME  TELEPHONE      * MEMBER #    COMP. NAME  TELEPHONE

  148BB917    BK1-DAY-VI  513-4491492      898BB49     F INT BILG  406-2555000

  613RZ140    AFFIRMATIV  612-4718501      898BB387    F INT BILG  406-2555000

  613FP15698  GREEN TREE  406-7287560      896FM24     GRNTREE     406-7287560

  674BB1065   BANK ONE    5  13-4494933



These are the numbers for the people who ran the bureaus.  Use the same

technique like the bank and be honest (to an extent) with them...



Now I could go on all night with this shit about CBI's and TRW's but

there are plenty of files on this subject...



Ok...next part...





*PART THREE: Dealing with Collectors*



Right now I personally am dealing with a US Sprint Collection agency about

an account I made up and charged over 5k in calls to.  And they have

the nerve to tell me that I am this person.  Bull shit is what I told them.



When a collector calls your house they will leave messages and try calling

all times they can to get in touch with you...  Now if they call all the

time to the point where you hate picking up the phone I would file a

suit to them for Harassment but that is me..



You as a tax paying citizen have a lot of rights as far as Credit goes.  And

when a person get's the run-around by the agency's you can put them in their

place...



*ONE: When they call y  ou and get you on the phone they will make sure

      you are the right person.  When they do they will go into a speal (sic)

      that sounds like this..."Mr Public, My name is John Falcon and I am

      with Commercial Credit Agency...We have a debt in our office but first

      I must tell you that this is an attempt to collect a debt and any

      information given will be use to collect this debt."  Sort of like

      the Miranda rights.



      Now if they don't say this they are breaking the law by not warning

      you about this. (Remember each state is different but there are a

      few standards as far as debt collection goes...)



      Also the age of youth can work in your favor.  I got a check book

      when I was 15 and went on a shopping spree and they tried

      to collect on the checks.  When they called I just told them

      "FUCK YOU!  You can't even put it on my bureau because I am UNDER 18!"

      and slammed the phone down...so they had to check with the bank   and

      then they found out that I was right and that the debt couldn't be

      collected.  Oh well banks make tons of money off interest on loans.



*TWO: When I made the Sprint account I gave them a bogus name...(Almost)

      and a fake social security number and told them if they voice verify

      that I am not at home and that if they want that they can call me once

      at this place...  Well they called and validated me and such and I got

      the card but then they wanted to stick me with the bill..



      They called one day when I was expecting a call and low and behold

      they talked to me...First thing he did was verify who I was.  (I used

      the same first name as mine but the last name was totally different)

      and he kept insisting that it was me and started going into the debt.



      If you make a bogus account like that do one major thing...GIVE A FAKE

      TOTALLY OFF SSN!



      He started telling me about the bill and I stoppe  d him cold and said..

      "Wait..I used to be a collector and I don't believe you should discuss

      this debt with me because I am not the person you are looking for...

      It is against Debt Collections Laws that you should disclose private

      information unless you are 100% sure this is the person that made the

      bill."



      He said, "Well, Uh, your right...let me transfer you to my supervisor.."



      I said, "Ok...bring on the main man..."



      He transfered me to his boss and he got on the line...



      "Hmm..let me scan over the notes here....ok...What is your name?"



      I told them my name and he said, "Ok...what is your first 3 digits

      of your social security number?"



      I told him "523" and he said "Nope..they're different..Sorry to bother

      you about this.  I will have to call Sprint for confirmation and we

      will call you back."



      I told him "Don't bother, I am tired of you calling my house and filling

        up my answering machine with mindless crap.  I am now giveing a VERBAL

      statement to never call me again or write me.  I can do this too you

      know..."



      He said ,"Ok sir.  If that is the way you feel..."



      I said, "Wouldn't you if you got a call 2 times a day from Texas?  I

      am not calling you because one you are out of state and two I am 3

      hours ahead of you...I get up when you are going to lunch!"



      I never got a call back from them and it's been 2 months...







I guess that is all for this run through.  If you have any questions I can

be reached on Flatline or Internet mail at...



jfalcon@nyx.cs.du.edu   *or*   jfalcon@cyb.fred.com



Be cool and keep hacking and phreaking alive because it is a true art what

they did back in the '70s with the Blue Box..I am just now getting into

blue boxing because the phone systems up here allow it.  It still gives

me a warm feeling when I can hear about 20 trunks get stacked on top

each   other...



<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>







                  /////////////////////////////////////

                  //---------------------------------//

                  //|  -=TRuTH iN ATM PhRaUD!!!!=-  |//

                  //|/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/|//

                  //|-NoT JuST BuLLSHiT, buT FACTS!-|//

                  //|-------------------------------|//

                  //|   ARTiCLe bY PaNTHeR MoDeRN   |//

                  //|  BoTCHeD eDiTiNG bY DeAd KaT  |//

                  //| aLL ReSeARcH By PaNTeR MoDERn |//

                  //|FaKe iD iDeA ThANkS To DeaD KaT|//

                  //| oTHeR iDEaS bY PaNTHeR MoDErN |//

                  //|_______________________________|//

                  /////////////////////////////////////





  There have been COUNTLESS text files on the subject of ATM fraud over the

years, and I have read enough to make me sick.  They contain ins  ane plots and

plans which they claim will work, but which, in some cases, are far too

extreme to be of any value in the real world.  I am writing this article to

clear up the faked information contained in articles such as these, and to

show an extremely valid, and doable way of actually gaining free money from

an ATM machine.  The plan which I will present does not contain any foolish

and unlikely ploys such as breaking in to the machine, or hacking into the

machine's computer, or any of the other strange, and irritating plans in

other files.  This plan is simple, and realistic.  



  All reasearch was done at a bank.  I had a job at one, and was able to 

ask questions and form conclusions about how the internal structure of a bank

works, and how to benefiet from this structure.  First, I will explain to you

the basic structure of a deposit system, and how this can be used to a 

dievient's advantage.



1. THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A BANK'S DEPOSIT SYSTEM  

    

  Here is the scenereo.  John Doe walks in to a bank with his paycheck.  He

proceeds to give it to a teller, who puts the money in his account.  The

money is in the account, and could now be taken back out in cash form if he 

wanted to.  If this deposit was made before 3 PM, the check would be sent to 

the proof department, who would then check it, and see if any errors were

made.  If an error was present, such as the check being invalid, or an 

incorrect deposit amount, the correct amount of money will be removed from

Mr. Doe's account by the end of that business day.  If the deposit was made

after 3 PM, the proof dept. does not see the deposit until the beginning of

the next business day.  This means that the money is "in" the account, and

could be withdrawn, until the time in which the proof dept. gets it.



  If the deposit is made with an ATM machine (as suggested by MANY text files

I read), the money will not be "in" the account until proof sees it.  

This is to combat someone going i  n to the ATM, putting in an empty envelope,

then immediately withdrawing the money back, getting "free cash."  

  Please refer to my flow charts...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        DEPOSIT MADE BEFORE 3 PM



     CHECK--->TELLER--->PROOF-------  The check is given to the teller, who

                 |                 |  puts it in the account, and also gives

                 |----->ACCOUNT<---|  it to proof.  Everything is done during

                                      the same business day.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

                        DEPOSIT MADE AFTER 3 PM



     CHECK--->TELLER--->[24 Hour delay]--->PROOF-- Same as above..BUT...Proof

                 |                               | does not get to see the 

                 |----->ACCOUNT<-----------------| deposit for 1 day's time.

--------------------------------------------------------  ---------------------

                     DEPOSIT MADE TO AN ATM MACHINE



     CHECK--->ATM--->[24 Hour delay]--->PROOF--->ACCOUNT

       

      The money must go through the proof department before it ever sees the

      account, making it impossible to immediately withdraw the money after

      deposit.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------



  I have cleared up several myths already.  In many text files, they say to

deposit an empty envelope to the ATM machine.  This will prove to be VERY

worthless, and just a waste of time.  Proof will find the empty envelope, 

and just trash it, assuming that the customer forgot to put the check in, or

that some stupid little kid is trying to get free money.  <Heh Heh>  Either

way, you will have just wasted some valuable time, and gotten absolutely

NOTHING out of it.  Comprende?



2. PREPAIRING FOR FREE CASH  



  Banks are very secure institutions, and have alot of protection schemes to

keep them fr  om being robbed or stolen from.  Thus they require 2 forms of 

identification for the opening of an account.  This should not be too hard

to do.  Simply...

  

  (1) Go to a library, look up names, with mother's maiden name, and, if 

      possible, hospital where born.  Get as much knowledge as possible about

      the person.  Another good thing would be to just social engineer them.

      Take around 2 weeks to do the engineering, though, so they will not 

      remember your previous calls, and start to catch on.  Simply pose as a

      fone company, or dept. of records personell, and ask some questions..

      Call back in a few days, pose as someone else, ask more questions...



  (2) Next, call up the hospital where they were born, and/or the city and

      county dept. of records and obtain a duplicate birth certificate for 

      the person.  This shouldn't be too hard.  This clears up yet another

      myth found in a text file I read, on getting a fake ID.  The fi  le said

      to look at DEATH records from birth, and use those instead of a 

      currently living person.  Small problem..That little stamp in the

      bottom corner of the certificate saying "DECEASED"



  (3) Obtain a social security card, using the dept. of records.  Same

      process as above.



  (4) Go get an ID at the DMV.  Easy to do this.



  Now, you actually ARE the person you have all the info on.  You have a 

picture ID with their name, their "signiture," etc.  You have the social 

security number, you have everything.  You can easily pass as them, and do 

things in their name.  That's how this whole plan works.  One other thing to

do before you are ready to get some free money is to secure a drop site.

The ATM card will be delivered by mail, and you don't want to have them 

deliver it to your house...



  Also, you will want to find out which bank you are going to scam.  Call 

around, find which banks have the maximum daily withdrawl on an ATM   card.  

Use the bank with the biggest, so you can get the most money out of them. 

Also, once you have pulled the entire plan off, please don't enter the bank

for around 8-10 months...



3. THE PLAN



  First, you must obtain a check to use for your "deposit."  You can go mail

box hunting, and find a check book, or, if you are lucky, and can somehow

get in to a purse or personal posessions of someone, you can take a single

check from their checkbook.  Another possibility is to get a second set 

of fake ideas using the same method and open an account at a different bank

long enough to get a box of virgin checks.  These checks can also be used for 

a little check fraud at retailers who are not using a check security scheme

like Check-Rite.

  

  Next thing you'll want to do is go to the bank, open an account.  Give 

'em 50 bucks in cash to start the account with, show yer ID, and yer birth

certificate, and you have an account.  Go to the ATM dept, start up an ATM

  card.  Whenever anyone at the bank asks for your address, give them the drop

site.  For fone number..be creative.  Chances are, they won't call you back,

they will just keep the number on record.  



  Let the account sit for a couple of days, then go back.  In hand, will be

the check you stole.  Sign it, and make the amount around $200 over the max.

withdrawl amount for the bank.  Go in to the bank as close to closing time as

possible.  Although 3 PM is the limit, better safe then sorry.  Give the 

check to a teller, and the money will be in the account.  You are now ready

to get free cash.



  Go back around 2 AM in the morning, to the bank's ATM machine.  Wear a 

facemask, or a big jacket which just ..Happens...to conceal your face, so you

will not be seen by the security camera.  Next, take your ATM card, and start

withdrawing.  Get as much money as the max amount is, then you're outta 

there.  You have approx. $1000-$2000 in cash, depending on the bank.  Have    

fun.  Refer to my money laundering article if you do this several times and

have several thousand dollars to deposit to an account.



<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>







                      /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

                  /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

                  \/\                                     /\/

                   \/\ -=INTERNET OUTDIAL LISTING 2.00=- /\/  

                    \/\     -=Written By DeadKat=-      /\/   

                     \/\          -=(TNO)=-            /\/  

                      \/\                             /\/   

                       \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/     

                              \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ 

                                               

                                    



INTRODUCTION                    

/\/\/\/\/\/\



I have seen a few internet outdial lists going around based on the original

2600 artical.  Unfortunately, m  ost of them don't work.  Well I decided it

was time to gather my resources and make a list of actually working outdials.

All of these have been tested thanks to one of my bogus internet accounts.

Most of these came from the Karb0n/DeadKat Infoline so I want to thank 

everyone who participated in that adventure.  Keep your eyes and ears open

for the number of the NEW Infoline, coming to a WATTS line near you soon.





OUTDIAL LIST

/\/\/\/\/\/\



The information here is pretty self explanatory.  Telnet to the address and

and follow the instructions.  If you don't understand basic Hayes commands, 

famialiarize yourself with them before attempting to use an outdial.





NPA          IP Address                    Instructions

/\/\        /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\    /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\



303         annex-isn.cs.colorado.edu    type "isn", "ctrl-shft - -"

                                         choose resource "d24"

                                           type "atdt 8,XXX-XXXX"



            129.82.103.69                type "modem" (local to Ft. Collins)



307         129.72.1.59                  type "atdt 9,XXX-XXXX"



412         gate.pitt.edu                type "lat", "connect dialout"

                                         type "atdt 91 XXX-XXXX"



415         128.32.132.250               ??



416         pacx.utcs.utoronto.ca        type "modem" (connect at 7E1)



602         129.219.17.3                 type "atdt 8,XXX-XXXX"



613         134.117.1.26                 type "atdt +?"



614         ns2400.ircc.ohio-state.edu   type "dial"



617         dialout.lcs.mit.edu          ??



619         dialout.ucsd.edu             type "atdt +?"



713         128.249.27.153               type "atdt 9,XXX-XXXX"



804/613?    128.143.70.101               type "atdt 9,XXX-XXXX"



916         128.120.2.251                type "dialout"



???         dialout2400.smith.edu        type "a", "n"





CONCLUSION

/\/\/\/\/  \



Well thats my current working list.  If you know of some others, please mail

us and we'll include them in our next outdial list (with your name mentioned

of course).  Happy Hackin'!

_____________________________________________________________________________

(C)opywrong 1993, DeadKat Inc.

All wrongs denied



<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>







                   

                   -=Money Laundering made EZ!=-

                   -=By Panther Modern TNO/TBF=-

        __________________________________________________ 

        |            THE UNITED STATES OF TNO            |

        |$1000             /---------\             $1000 |

        |  .               | \@/ \@/ |  IN P*M WE        |

        | ===   **TNO**    |   .|.   |    TRUST          |

        |        *TBF*     | \_____/ |                   |

        |$1000             \_________/             $1000 |

        |              ONE THOUSAND SYS75's              |

          |________________________________________________|

...0/<4y, s0 1 w4s 4 L1++13 b0r3d.  Wh4+ th3 h311 /<4/\/ 1 s4y.





  Anyway..This is my phile on money laundering.  Cause basically, if you

take advantage of skams like Credit, or my ATM Skam (later this issue), 

you will have LOtZ of cash on yer hands.  And any good criminal knows you

never keep large amounts of stolen cash.  Neither do you go into a bank 

and attempt to deposit it.  All of the information within this file is 

guarenteed to work.  I work at a bank, and I learned about this very well..

Please note: This file is not intended for people such as drug dealers, or

other hi-priority cash men..It is not intended for people with millions to

launder, but for people with up to say, $20,000.  The method is very easy, 

and if done correctly, the money will be untraceable.

  

  First thing you do is get the cash.  I'm sure if you can't do that much, 

you probably wouldn't read into this article, since it wouldn't interest y  ou

much.  Okay, that's kinda a given...

  

  Now, you have several hundereds, and fiftys, and twentys, and lots of 

CASH.  Save some for yerself..heh..But you'll want to put the bulk in an 

account.  I would reccomend opening a checking account.  Use your real ID

name, and info, everything will be untracable by the time it gets there.

Checking accounts are very nice.  Ask if you can open one with an interest 

rate.  That way, you can earn a little interest on the side.  I also like

checking accounts because it makes buying things EaZi!

  

  But before you open the account, you will need some money to put in it!

Sk0pe out every bank near you, OTHER then the one you are going to put the 

money in.  If you have $2,000 to put in, you will need approx. 1 bank.  The

reason I say approx, is that most banks will write a cashiers check for 

someone who dosn't have an account for up to $2,000.  Anyway, so get 1 bank

for every $2,000 you have to deposit.  Now, go to a bank.  Go to a te  ller,

and ask her what the maximum cashier's check is for someone who does not

have an account at the bank.  Get a cashier's check for that amount.  Now,

go to your bank, and open the account with that money..

  

  The rest is easy.  Go to all the banks, getting cashier's checks and bring

them to your bank to deposit.  Try to limit it to two checks/day or so.  

If a bank gets suspisious of you, they have the right to file with the IRS

for an investigation.  So limit how much you do this.

  

  If you are careful, and pull this off well, the money will be totally

untraceable, and no one will ever be able to prove that you obtained it

illigally.  Have PhUn, and happy money laundering!



<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>

                  





                  

                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

                  \     FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS     / 

                  /       CONCERNING TELEPHONE  S        \

                  \           compiled by              /

                  /         Nitro187/CancerR           \

                  \                                    /

                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^



 Here's A Very good FAQ list of phones done by _Telecom Digest_ earlier

 this year. Most of you no doubt, are just interested in phreaking but 

 I think the whole telephone system is pretty interesting and this FAQ

 may answer some of your questions. Also, if you are interested in 

 phreaking it will help you very much if you know how the phone system

 works. 

                                        



 Without further adeu...

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 



List of subjects questions covered as they appear in this list:



Technical



 - How do phones work?

 - What is a Central Office? What is a switch? What roles do Central

   Offices and switches play in the telephone network?

 - How many   different types of switches are there, how do they differ,

   and what switches are most commonly found in use?

 - When did the first ESS (electronic) switch go into service?

 - What frequencies do touch tones use for which numbers?

 - What are the A, B, C and D touch tone keys used for? Why are they

   not found on touch tone phone sets?

 - What is call supervision?

 - How can I find out what my own phone number is?

 - Are there other kinds of test numbers used?

 - Can a US modem or phone work in the UK, or some other European

   country? (Or vice versa, or in general for international substitution

   of phone equipment)

 - What do "tip" and "ring" mean?

 - Why use a negative charge (-48 volts) for Ring instead of a positive

   charge (such as +48 volts)?

 - What is "Caller ID" (or Call Display, or CNID (Caller Number

   Identification))?

 - How can I get specifications on how Caller ID service works?

 - What is the best way to busy a phone line?  I have a bank o  f modems

   which are set up as a hunt group. When a modem dies I would like to

   be able to busy out the line that is disconnected, so that one of the

   other modems in the hunt group will take the call.

 - What is the difference between Caller ID/CNID and ANI?



Numbering



 - What is a numbering plan?

 - How was the country code system developed?

 - What is the correct way to write a telephone number for

   international use?

 - What are the prefix digits used in international dialing?

 - What does NPA, NNX, or NXX mean?

 - What happens when all the telephone numbers run out?

 - How is extra numbering capacity achieved in North America?

 - In North America, why does the long distance dialing within an area



   code often change so that 1 + home area code + number has to be

   dialed, or changed to just seven digits (like a local call)?

 - Is North America really running out of area codes?

 - How will we make room if North American area codes are running out?

 - What about expandi  ng area/STD codes in other countries?

 - What is Bellcore?

 - How can I contact Bellcore?

 - How can I get exchange/billing data? What is a V&H tape?



Regulatory & Tariffs



 - What's this about the FCC starting a modem tax for those using

   modems on phone lines?

 - Why is a touch tone line more expensive than a rotary dial line

   (in many places)?

 - How come I got charged at a hotel for a call where no one answered?

   Why is the timing on some of the long distance carriers inaccurate?



Competition



 - Which countries have competitive long distance service?

 - What is a COCOT?

 - What is an AOS?

 - What is "splashing"?

 - Where can I find a list of equal access (10XXX) codes?

 - How can I tell who my default carrier is (or that of a 10XXX+ carrier)?



Features



 - What is the calling card "boing" and what is it made of?

 - How can I prevent the call waiting tone from beeping in mid-conversation?



Miscellaneous



 - Is there a way to find someone given   just a phone number?

 - Where can a Cellular/Mobile Radio mailing list be contacted?



- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



---------

Technical

---------



Q: How do phones work?



A: A file in the TELECOM Digest archives under the name "how.phones.work"

   is available and should explain some details of the workings of

   the common telephone.



Q: What is a Central Office? What is a switch? What roles do Central

   Offices and switches play in the telephone network?



A: A Central Office (CO) is the facility to which the telephones in

   a public telephone network are connected. It is the front line in

   terms of the whole telephone system; dial tone, telephone ringing,

   connection to other telephones, or outside trunks, is done here.



   A "switch" is a general term referring to facilities where

   telephone traffic is routed from one destination to another.

   The Central Office has a switch in a local sense; calls within

   a municipality can ofte  n be completed within a single switch.

   Beyond this, there are switches for long distance or regional

   traffic, many of which are not directly connected to user

   telephones.



   A hierarchy of switching centres was developed in North America.



   Level 5 switches are the most common and are generally the

   local Central Office switches. Level 4 switches are used in

   regional or larger local settings and occasionally are connected

   to customer telephones. Level 3, 2 and 1 switches serve larger

   regions in turn. In general, a call that cannot be handled at

   one level of switching (by reason of distance covered, or congestion

   at a given switch) is passed onto the next higher level until the

   connection is completed. The breakup of AT&T in the USA and the

   introduction of new services will no doubt have disrupted this

   hierarchy, but this illustrates how a call can progress from one

   place to another.



   A large city usually has m  any central offices, each serving a

   certain geographical area. These central offices are connected

   to other central offices for local calling, or to higher level

   switches, or into long distance networks.



Q: How many different types of switches are there, how do they differ,

   and what switches are most commonly found in use?



A: The original telephone switches were manual, operator-run switchboards.

   Today, these are generally found in developing countries or in certain

   remote locations as newer types of switches allow for connection to

   automatic telephone service.



   Step-by-step was the first widely-used automatic switching method. This

   was an electro-mechanical system which made use of rotating blades and

   mechanical selection of various levels. Dial pulses would be used to cause

   the switches to select switch groups until the whole number was dialed.

   Some step-by-step facilities still exist today, but will eventually be

   replaced by more modern forms of   switching (typically a digital facility).

   Step-by-step, with its mechanical nature, can be difficult to troubleshoot

   and maintain, and does not inherently support touch tones or special

   calling features without special addition of equipment.



   Crossbar was the next step in electro-mechanical switching. Rather than the

   rotary/level switches used in step-by-step, connections were completed by

   means of a matrix of connectors. The configuration of crossbar matrix

   elements was under "common control" which could route the call along a

   variety crossbar elements. Step-by-step's "progressive control" could not

   be rerouted to avoid points of congestion in the switches but was rather

   at the mercy of which numbers would be dialed by the telephone users.



   Electronic switches were developed in the 1960's. These were often reed

   relay switches with an electronic common control faster than previous

   crossbar systems. The fewer moving parts there were, the be  tter. Services

   such as call waiting or call forwarding would eventually be possible

   under electronic systems.



   Finally, the new digital electronic systems provide for a fully-

   programmable telephone operation. These are all-electronic systems

   which would process calls without moving parts (i.e. solid-state

   switching) and full computerisation of control. Voice traffic would

   now be converted to digital format for use with digital transmission

   facilities. A wide variety of user services can be implemented such

   as sophisticated types of call forwarding or Caller ID or ISDN

   (Integrated Services Digital Network). Ultimately, all telephone

   subscribers will be served by such switches as these.



   Presently, various kinds of switching systems are in use, and

   the proportions of what technologies are in use in given regions

   will vary. The most common will eventually be the digital

   electronic systems. There are significant costs associated with
  
   upgrading the network to eventually use digital, fully-programmable

   switching, but the eventual goal is to modernise Central Offices

   and long distance networks to such switches. In the meantime, the

   various switching technologies in use must provide compatibility

   with each other.



Q: When did the first ESS (electronic) switch go into service?



A: In the U.S., the first 1ESS switch went into service May 1965 in

   Succasunna, New Jersey. This was a software-controlled switch using

   magnetic reed relays.



   In Canada, the first ESS was set up in Montreal, circa 1967.

   Despite the capabilities of such ESS switches, some phone companies

   are replacing these older generation electronic switches (e.g. ESS or

   SP-1) in favour of digital switches (e.g. DMS).



   Any information regarding international firsts in electronic or

   digital switching would be welcome as a future enhancement to the FAQ.



Q: What frequencies do touch tones use for which num  bers?



A: The touch tone system uses pairs of tones to represent the

   various keys. There is a "low tone" and a "high tone" associated

   with each button (0 through 9, plus * (star) and # (octothorpe

   or pound symbol). The low tones vary according to what

   horizontal row the tone button is in, while the high tones

   correspond to the vertical column of the tone button.



   The tones and assignments are as follows:



          1     2     3     A  :  697 Hz



          4     5     6     B  :  770 Hz

                                           (low tones)

          7     8     9     C  :  852 Hz



          *     0     #     D  :  941 Hz

        ----  ----  ----  ----

        1209  1336  1477  1633 Hz

               (high tones)



   When the 4 button is pressed, the 770 Hz and 1209 Hz tones

   are sent together. The telephone central office will then

   decode the number from this pair of tones.





   The tone frequencies were designed to avoid harmonics and

   other problems th  at could arise when two tones are sent

   and received. Accurate transmission from the phone and

   accurate decoding on the telephone company end are important.

   They may sound rather musical when dialed (and representations

   of many popular tunes are possible), but they are not intended to

   be so.



   The tones should all be +/- 1.5% of nominal. The high frequency tone

   should be at least as loud, and preferably louder than the low

   frequency. It may be as much as 4 db louder. This factor is referred

   to as "twist."  If a Touchtone signal has +3db of twist, then the high

   frequency is 3 db louder than the low frequency. Negative twist is

   when the low frequency is louder.



Q: What are the A, B, C and D touch tone keys used for?

   Why are they not found on touch tone phone sets?



A: These are extensions to the standard touch-tones (0-9, *, #)

   which originated with the U.S. military's Autovon phone network.

   The original nam  es of these keys were FO (Flash Override),

   F (Flash), I (Immediate), and P (Priority) which represented

   priority levels that could establish a phone connection

   with varying degrees of immediacy, killing other conversations

   on the network if necessary with FO being the greatest priority,

   down to P being of lesser priority. The tones are more commonly

   referred to as the A, B, C and D tones respectively, and all

   use a 1633 Hz as their high tone.



   Nowadays, these keys/tones are mainly used in special applications

   such as amateur radio repeaters for their signalling/control.

   Modems and touch tone circuits tend to include the A, B, C and

   D tones as well. These tones have not been used for general

   public service, and it would take years before these tones could

   be used in such things as customer information lines; such

   services would have to be compatible with the existing 12-button

   touch tone sets in any case.



Q: What i  s call supervision?



A: Call supervision refers to the process by which it is determined

   that the called party has indeed answered. Long distance calls

   and payphone calls are normally charged from the time the called

   party answers, and no charges should be assessed where the other

   end doesn't answer nor where the called party is busy or blocked

   by network problems.



Q: How can I find out what my own phone number is?



A: If the operator won't read your number back to you, and if you can't

   phone someone with a Calling # ID box, there are special numbers

   available that "speaks" your number back to you when dialed. These

   numbers are quite different from one jurisdiction to the next. Some

   areas use 200 222.2222; others just require 958; still others 311 or

   711 and others have a normally-formatted telephone number which can

   be changed on occasion (such as 997.xxxx).



   Such numbers exist in many countries; no set rule is used in

   deter  mining such numbers other than that these are often assigned

   to codes outside normal customer number sequences and would not

   be in conflict with regular telephone numbers.



Q: Are there other kinds of test numbers used?



A: Yes. Again, space (and available information) does not permit

   a complete list of what each telephone company is up to in

   terms of test numbers. The most common number is a "ringback"

   test number. When a two or three digit number is followed

   by all or the last part of your phone number, another dial

   tone occurs. Tests for dialing or ringing may then be done.



   Other numbers include intercom circuits for telephone company

   staff, or switching centre supervisors, or other interesting

   tests for call supervision or payphone coin tests. Again,

   this depends on the phone company, and such services are

   not usually found in the phone book, needless to say.



Q: Can a US modem or phone work in the UK, or some other European

     country? (Or vice versa, or in general for international substitution

   of phone equipment)



A: Often it can, provided that the AC Voltage and the physical jack

   are compatible or converted, and it can generate pulse dialing,

   as many exchanges are not equipped for touch tone.



   However, in most European countries it is illegal to fit non-approved

   equipment. In the UK, equipment approval is the responsibility of BABT,

   and the penalty is confiscation of the equipment plus a fine of up

   to 2000 pounds sterling. Approved equipment has a mark, usually a

   sticker, of a green circle with the words "APPROVED for connection

   to the telecommunication system specified in the instructions subject

   to the condition set out in them" and the number of the BABT

   certificate. Non-approved items, if they are sold in the UK, must

   have a sticker with a red triangle with similar wording except that

   it's saying the exact opposite. It's perfectly leg  al to sell

   non-approved equipment subject to the above, as there may be a

   valid reason for using it, just not on the UK network.



   In Canada, telephone equipment requires approval from the Canadian

   Department of Communications. Most equipment designed for North

   American conditions should be acceptable, but a small sticker

   from Communications Canada is normally placed on the equipment

   to indicate approval.



Q: What do "tip" and "ring" mean?



A: The conductors of a wire pair to a telephone set are referred to as



   tip (T) and ring (R). Tip (T) is usually positive charge with respect

   to the Ring (R). Ring is typically at -48 volts (subject to voltage

   losses). Tip (T) is then at ground when no current is flowing.

   The actual voltages may differ in PBX/Key system situations (where 24

   volt systems can be found) or higher voltages can be used for situations

   where there are long distances among the subscribers and the switching

   offices.



   Two wire  s normally suffice to complete a connection between a telephone

   and the central office; any extra wiring would be for purposes such as

   as grounding, party line ringing or party line billing identification,

   or even for dial light power on phones such as the Princess.



   The Tip and Ring terms come from the parts of the plugs that were

   used for manual switchboards.



Q: Why use a negative charge (-48 volts) for Ring instead of a positive

   charge (such as +48 volts)?



A: The reason for doing this is galvanic corrosion protection. A conductor

   with a negative charge will repel chlorine ions, as Cl (chlorine) ions

   are negative also. If the line were to have a positive charge, Cl ions

   would be attracted.



   This form of corrosion protection is called cathodic protection. It

   is often used for pipelines, bridges, etc. Such protection was very

   important in the days of open wire transmission lines.



Q: What is "Caller ID" (or Call Display, or CNID (Caller Number

   I  dentification))?



A: This is a telephone company service that transmits the number of the

   party to your telephone during the ringing. A data receiver detects

   this signal and displays or otherwise accepts the number transmitted.



   Whether or not a number is transmitted depends on political limitations

   (some jurisdictions do not allow for Caller ID, or at least a fully

   operational version of it) and technical limitations (i.e. calls placed

   from older technology switches may not be identifiable; long distance

   services may not be set up to provide end-to-end ID yet).



Q: How can I get specifications on how Caller ID service works?



A: The official documentation on how the Caller ID or calling line ID

   works is available for purchase from Bellcore. A description of

   what those documents are and how to get them is available in the



   TELECOM Digest Archives file caller-id-specs.bellcore, or see the

   question "How can I contact Bellcore?" elsewhe  re in the FAQ. Local

   telephone companies may be able to provide technical information for

   the purpose of providing equipment vendors with specifications. Check

   the Archives for any other relevant files that may appear such as

   descriptions of the standards and issues surrounding services such as

   Caller ID.



   In Canada, for information about the service (known there as Call

   Display) contact: Stentor Resource Centre Inc, Director - Switched

   Network Services, 160 Elgin Street, Room 790, Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2C4.

   (This address is changed from the one listed in FAQ #3 of 1992; note

   that the title may be subject to change as well). Tel: +1 613 781-3655.



   The document is "Call Management Service (CMS) Terminal-to-Network

   Interface", Interface Disclosure ID - 0001, November 1989. The document

   at last report was free, at least within Canada. This document deals with

   Bell Canada's Call Display standards, and may not be applicable outside  

   their service area (provinces of Ontario and Quebec, parts of the

   Northwest Territories).



   In general, the North American Caller ID information is passed to the

   telephone set in ASCII using a 1200 baud modem signal (FSK) sent between

   the first and second rings.



   In other nations where a Caller ID service exists, or is being

   established, contact the appropriate telephone company for information.



Q: What is the best way to busy a phone line?  I have a bank of modems

   which are set up as a hunt group. When a modem dies I would like to

   be able to busy out the line that is disconnected, so that one of the

   other modems in the hunt group will take the call.



A: "Our modem lines all enter on RJ21 "punchblocks" so I've got some

   rather nice clips that can be pushed over the terminals on the blocks

   and make contact with the pair that I want to busy out. Between the

   two terminals on the clip I have a red LED and a 270 ohm 1/2w resistor
  
   in series. As long as I get the clip on the right way, it busies out

   the line and lights up so I can see that I've got one of the lines

   busied out."



   "Since most of our modems have error correction, I've even gotten away

   with putting one of these on a line that's in use -- when the user

   disconnects, the line remains busy and I can then pull the modem at my

   leisure. The modem's error correction fixes the blast of noise from

   the clip as I slip it in."



   - Brian



[Further notes [from Dan Boehlke]:  A setup like this is not necessary.

For most systems simply shorting tip and ring together will busy out

the phone line. Some older systems, and lines that do not have much

wire between the switch and the point at which it terminates will need

a 270 ohm 1/2 watt resistor. The resistor is necessary because on a

short line will not have enough resistance to make up for the lack

of a load. Most modern systems have a current limiter that will prevent

problems.   Older system may not have a current limiter and may supply

more current than modern systems do. In the followup discussion, we

learned that we should not do this to incoming WATS lines and other

lines that will cause the phone company's diagnostics centers to get

excited. A particular example was an incoming 800 number that was not

needed for a few days. The new 800 number was subscribed to one of

those plans that let you move it to another location in the event of

a problem. Well, the AT&T diagnostic center saw the

busy'ed out line as a problem and promptly called the owner. -dan]





Q: What is the difference between Caller ID/CNID and ANI?



A: Caller ID or CNID or Call Display refers to a service offered to

   telephone customers that allows for display or identification of

   telephone numbers from which incoming calls are made.

   ANI, or Automatic Number Identification, refers to operations within 

   the telephone network that allow for the registering of a long distance  

   caller's number for billing purposes and not a public offering

   as such.



   Special services such as incoming number identification for

   toll-free or premium program lines (800 or 900 service in

   North America) make use of ANI information and pass this

   along to the called party.





---------

Numbering

---------



Q: What is a numbering plan?



A: This is a plan which establishes the format of codes and subscriber

   numbers for a telephone system or other communications system such

   as Telex. On a local level, subscriber numbers can have a certain

   number of digits (in some cases, the number of digits varies according

   to the exchange centre or digit sequence used). The local plan would

   allow for codes used to reach operators, directory assistance, repair,

   test numbers, etc. On a regional or even national level, there need to

   be area codes or number prefixes established in order to route calls

   to the appropriate cities and centra  l offices.



   The typical pattern is to use local numbers within a region, and use

   an STD (subscriber trunk dialing) or area code to call a number in

   another region. The most common method is to use numbers beginning with

   0 as a long distance or inter-regional access digit, followed by other

   digits to route to the proper city (e.g. within the UK, dial 071 or 081

   for London, or 021 for Birmingham). Digits other than 0 (generally 2

   through 9) would then represent the initial digit of local numbers.



   In France, there are really two areas; Paris and everything else.

   All local numbers in France have eight digits. Paris uses an area

   code of 1, the rest of the country has no area code as such (just

   the local number, which does not begin with a 1). Long distance

   access is 16 plus the number for regions outside Paris, or

   for Paris, access is 16 + 1 + Paris number.



   Some countries do not use an area code; instead, the local number is

   unique within the   country. This often occurs in small nations but such

   plans are also active in Denmark and Singapore. Hong Kong got rid of its

   area codes in recent years and converted to seven-digit local numbers.



   North America is unusual in the world in that the long distance access

   code 1 is commonly used before dialing an area codes plus local number

   (or in most areas, at least until the expansion to new format of area

   codes is in effect, 1 plus number for numbers within an area code). Most

   countries include the prefix in their STD codes listing (021 Birmingham,

   UK; 90 Helsinki, Finland) so that an initial prefix code is avoided.

   North American area codes have three digits, while local numbers have

   seven.



Q: How was the country code system developed?



A: In the early 1960s, a global numbering plan was devised so that the

   various national telephone systems can be linked; this used country

   codes of one to three digits in length, assigned accordin  g to geographic

   regions on the Earth. In fact, the system was developed from a numbering

   plan devised in Europe. International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

   documents from that time showed a numbering plan of two-digit country

   codes covering Europe and the Mediterranean Basin countries and even

   described at that time the overseas access codes to be used in

   various countries (France 19, UK 010 - most of these codes are

   still in use today). Many country codes from that original numbering

   plan were used in the worldwide plan such as France 33, UK 44 although

   many codes had to be renumbered for the new worldwide plan.



   The world numbering zones (with initial country code digits) are:



       1        North America

       2        Africa

       3 and 4  Europe

       5        South/Latin America (includes Mexico)

       6        South Pacific countries, Oceana (e.g. Australia)

       7        Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR)

       8          East Asia (e.g. Japan, China), plus Marisat/Inmarsat

       9        West & South Asia, Middle East (e.g. India, Saudi Arabia)



   There are a few anomalies to the zoning; St Pierre & Miquelon, a French

   territory near the Canadian province of Newfoundland, was issued a

   country code in zone 5 (country code 508), since North America already

   has the country code 1, and there were no codes available in zones 3 or

   4 (at the time of original assignment). There was room in world zone 5

   for the code. Similarly, Greenland (country code 299) could not be fitted

   into the European zones, thus 299 was a code that was available from a

   nearby zone.



   The TELECOM Digest Archives has country code listings, including a

   detailed set which indicates area/STD codes used within country

   codes as they would be dialed in international dialing (excluding

   domestic inter-regional prefix digits).



Q: What is the correct way to write a telephone number for
  
   international use?



A: The method recommended by the CCITT (an international telecommunications

   standards committee) is to use the plus sign then the country code, then

   the STD code (without any common STD/area code prefix digits) and the

   local number. The following numbers (given for the sake of example only)

   describe some of the formats used:



    City             Domestic Number    International Format

    ---------------  -----------------  --------------------

    Toronto, Canada  (416) 870-2372     + 1 416 870 2372

    Paris, France    (1) 33.33.33.33    + 33 1 33 33 33 33

    Lyon, France     77.77.77.77        + 33 77 77 77 77

    Birmingham, UK   (021) 123 4567     + 44 21 123 4567

    Colon, Panama    41-2345            + 507 41 2345

    Tokyo, Japan     (03) 4567 8901     + 81 3 4567 8901



   In most cases, the initial 0 of an STD code will not form part of the

   international format number. Some countries use a common prefix of 9

   (such as Finland or Colomb  ia). Some countries' STD codes can be used

   as they are where prefix digits are not part of the area code (as is

   the case in North America, Mexico, and a few other countries).



   As indicated in the above example, country code 1 is used for the

   U.S., Canada and Caribbean nations under the North American Numbering

   Plan. This fact is not as well-publicised by American and Canadian

   telephone companies as it is in other countries.



   The important consideration is that the digits following the +

   represent the number as it would be dialed on an international call

   (that is, the telephone company's overseas dialing code followed

   by the digits after the + sign in the international format).



Q: What are the prefix digits used in international dialing?



A: This depends on the country from which an international call is placed.

   The recommended international prefix is 00 (followed by the international

   format number), which most countries have adopted or are plann  ing to

   adopt. Some of the exceptions are:



     Australia    0011            North America     011

     Colombia     90              Russia            810

     Denmark      009             Spain             07

     Finland      990             Nigeria           009

     France       19 W            Papua New Guinea  05

     Ireland      00 (was 16)     Sweden            009

     Mexico +     98              Turkey            9 W 9

     Netherlands  09              United Kingdom    010

     Norway       095



  W = wait for another dial tone before proceeding with rest of number

  + = Mexico uses 95 to access North America (country code 1) specifically;

      98 is used for calling other nations



  (The international access codes in some countries such as Netherlands

  and the UK are eventually expected to change to 00)



Q: What does NPA, NNX, or NXX mean?



A: NPA means Numbering Plan Area, a formal term meaning a

   North American area code (like New   York 212, Chicago 312,

   Toronto 416 etc.).



   NNX refers to the format of the telephone number's prefix or central

   office code (the first three digits of a seven-digit local North

   American number). The N represents a digit from 2 to 9; an X represents

   any digit 0 to 9. Thus, NNX prefixes can number from 220 to 999, as

   long as they do not have a 0 or 1 as the middle digit.



   NXX means any prefix/central office code from 200 to 999 could be

   represented, allowing for any value in the middle digit. Obvious special

   exceptions include 411 (directory assistance) and 911 (emergency).



Q: What happens when all the telephone numbers run out?



A: With demand for phone numbers increasing worldwide, the capacity

   given by a certain number of digits in a numbering plan will

   tend to be exhausted.



   In whatever country, capacity expansion can be done by such measures as

   adding an extra digit to the local number (as was done in Tokyo, Japan

   or in Pa  ris, France). Extra area/STD codes can be assigned, such as

   splitting a region's codes (London UK was originally STD code 01, now

   split to 071 and 081; Los Angeles in the U.S. was originally area code

   213, then split to add an 818 area, and recently another split of 213

   created the new 310 area).



Q: How is extra numbering capacity achieved in North America?



A: Within an area code, there are a maximum number of prefixes

   (i.e. first three digits of a phone number) that can be assigned.

   In the original telephone "numbering plan", up to 640 prefixes

   could be assigned per area code (of the NNX format, 8 * 8 * 10).

   Yet, prefixes get used up due to growth and demand for new numbers

   (accelerated by popularity of separate fax or modem lines, or by

   new services such as the distinctive ringing numbers that ring a

   single line differently depending on which phone number was dialed).



   When the prefixes of NNX format run out, there are two   options

   in order to allow for more prefixes, and in turn more numbers:



      1) "splitting" the area code so that a new area code can

         accommodate new prefixes, or



      2) allowing extra prefixes to be assigned by changing from

         NNX format to NXX format.



   The preferred option is to go with 2) first, in order to avoid having

   a new area code assignment. Yet, this gives the area code a maximum of

   160 new prefixes, or 8 * 10 * 10 = 800. When the NXX format prefixes

   are used up, then 1) is not optional. New York and Los Angeles are two

   regions that have gone from NNX to NXX format prefixes first, then

   their area codes were split.



   Interestingly enough, some area codes have split even though there was

   no change from NNX format prefixes to NXX at the time. Such splits have

   occurred in Florida (305/407) and Colorado (303/719). The precise reasons

   why a change to NXX-style prefixes was not done in those cases is not

   widely known,   but switching requirements in those areas, plus telephone

   company expenses in changing from NNX to NXX format (and the likelihood

   of an eventual area code split) are likely factors in these decisions.



   Note that it is prefixes, and not necessarily the number of telephones,

   that determines how crowded an area code is. Small exchanges could use

   a whole prefix for only a few phones, while an urban exchange may use

   most of the 10 000 possible numbers per prefix. Companies, paging, test

   numbers and special services can be assigned their own prefixes as

   well, such as the 555 directory assistance prefix (555.1212).



Q: In North America, why does the long distance dialing within an

   area code often change so that 1 + home area code + number has

   to be dialed, or changed to just seven digits (like a local call)?



A: When prefixes change to NXX, that means that the prefix numbers can be

   identical to area codes. The phone equipment is no longer able to mak  e

   a distinction between what is an area code and what is a prefix within

   the home area code, based on the first three digits. For instance, it is

   hard for central offices to tell the difference between 1+210 555.2368

   and 1+210.5552



   Thus, 1 + area code + number for all long distance calls is used in

   many North American area codes. Or ... just dialing seven digits within

   the area code for all calls, local or long distance (thus risking

   complaints from customers who thought they were making a local call when

   in fact the call was long distance).



   It is up to each phone company to decide how to handle prefix

   and dialing changes. The rules change from place to place.



Q: Is North America really running out of area codes?



A: Indeed, apart from special "non-geographic" area codes such as 200, 300,

   400 or 500, there are no longer any area codes that can be assigned from

   the traditional format. At present, all area codes have a 0 or 1 as the

   middle digit   (212, 907, 416, 708, etc.). It even appears that the 610 code

   was freed from its usage in Canadian TWX/ISDN service (which moved to 600),

   so that the split of area 215 in Philadelphia can use 610. There remains

   the assignment of code 710 which is reserved for mysterious U.S.

   government services.



   Area codes ending in -00 are intended for special services like 800 or

   900 numbers. Also, -11 area codes could be confused with services like

   411 (directory assistance) or 911 (emergency); indeed, a few places

   require 1+411 for directory assistance.



Q: How will we make room if North American area codes are running out?



A: Bellcore, which oversees the assignment of area codes and the North

   American Numbering Plan in general, has made a recommendation that

   "interchangeable" area codes be allowed as of January 1995 (advanced

   from the previous deadline of July 1995 due to unprecedented exhaustion

   of available area codes). That means that there no longer   need to be

   a 0 or 1 as the middle digit of an area code, and in fact the area code

   will become NXX format. While some suggest that eight-digit local numbers

   or four-digit area codes be established, the interchangeable area code plan

   has been on the books for many years.



   One aspect of the plan is that, initially, the new area codes may end in

   0 (such as 220, 650, etc.). This would make it easier on a few area codes

   so that they could conceivably retain the ability to dial 1+number (without

   dialing the home area code) for long distance calls within the area code,

   provided that they have not assigned prefixes ending in zero that would

   conflict with new area codes. That option is not possible for many area

   codes that have already assigned some prefixes of "NN0" format, however.

   Eventually, the distinction between area code and prefix formats would

   be completely lost.



   The last remaining traditional area code, 910, was recentl  y assigned to

   allow for a split of North Carolina's 919 area code. Still, Bellcore

   expects that NPA capacity is sufficient until the January 1995 cutover

   to interchangeable NPAs. The interchangeable area code plan will be felt

   throughout the U.S. and Canada. As a last resort, the N00 codes (like

   200) may need to be used.



Q: What about expanding area/STD codes in other countries?



A: Many countries tend to use variable numbers of digits in the local

   numbers and STD/area code numbers, thus there is often flexibility

   in assigning new codes or expanding the capacity of codes. Sometimes

   codes are changed to provide for extra capacity or to allow for

   a uniform numbering plan such as ensuring the total number of digits

   of the STD/area code plus the local number is constant within a

   country.



   In the UK, it is reported that the digit '1' will be added to some

   of the major codes as of 1995 in order to create extra STD code capacity.

     For instance, London's 071 and 081 codes would be changed to 0171 and

   0181 respectively (internationally, change +44 71 and +44 81 to

   +44 171 and +44 181).



   There are rumours that France will change its system again, to divide

   the country into a few regions of single-digit area codes. Presently,

   Paris has an area code 1, with the remainder of France having no area

   code as such; eight-digit local numbers are used in and out of Paris.

   The areas outside of Paris would then get area codes corresponding to

   particular regions.



   Australia is moving to single digit area codes, with uniform eight

   digit local numbers. This replaces the current system with variable

   length area codes and local numbers. This new plan is to be phased

   in during the 1990's. New Zealand is also completing a change to single

   digit area codes, with uniform seven digit local numbers.



   Hong Kong actually got rid of its area codes a few years ago, replacing

   the f  ew single-digit area codes with seven-digit local numbers throughout

   Hong Kong.



Q: What is Bellcore?



A: Bellcore, or Bell Communications Research, is a company that does

   a variety of things for the telephone system in North America. It

   assigns area codes, develops and sells technical documents relating

   to the operation of the phone system, and does research and

   development on various communications technologies. Recently,

   Bellcore did development on MPEG, a video data compression method

   to allow transmission of entertainment-quality video on a 1.5 Mb/s

   communications link.



Q: How can I contact Bellcore?



A: The Bellcore document hotline (with touch tone menu) can be reached at

   1 800 521 CORE (i.e. 1 800 521 2673) within the USA, or +1 908 699 5800

   outside the USA (+1 908 699 0936 is the fax number). A catalogue of

   documents can be ordered through this number.



   For the voice menu on Bellcore's document hotline, to   order a document

   press 2 at the automated greeting. If you want to talk to a person

   about availability, prices, etc., press 4 at the automated greeting.



   Payment for documents can be made using American Express, Visa, Master

   Card, International Money Orders, and Checks on US Banks. If you don't

   have a document number handy, a catalog of technical documents is available.



   Bellcore TAs and other preliminary "advisories" are only available

   by writing:



     Bellcore

     Document Registrar

     445 South Street - Room 2J-125

     P. O. Box 1910

     Morristown, NJ USA 07962-1910



   The mailing address for ordering other "standard" documents (including

   "TR" documents) is:



     Bellcore Customer Service

     60 New England Avenue

     Piscataway, NJ USA 08854-4196



   NPA/NXX (area codes, exchange codes) information is maintained by

   the (somewhat) separate Traffic Routing Administration (TRA) group,

   at +1 201 829 3071.

   For all other TRA "products  ", or information about on-line access to a

   database of routing data, contact the TRA Hotline at +1 201 829 3071,

   or write to:



     Traffic Routing Administration

     Bell Communications Research, Inc.

     435 South Street, Room 1J321

     Morristown, NJ  07962-1961



   If you want to talk to the "pub" folks, or a technical person, the

   numbers/addresses are in the front of any TR (and the "Catalog").



   Note that certain Bellcore documents (particularly certain TRA documents),

   require the signing of a "Terms and Conditions" agreement before purchase.



Q: How can I get exchange/billing data? What is a V&H tape?



A: Bellcore sells the NPA-NXX Vertical and Horizontal Coordinates Tape

   (the "V&H Tape"); this is primarily for billing purposes and lists

   (for each NXX, or central office code) the type of NXX, major/minor

   V&H coordinates (a sort of "latitude" and "longitude" used to calculate

   rate distances for long distance billing), LATA Code (identifying the  

   U.S. long distance service area), the RAO (revenue accounting office),

   Time Zone, Place Name, OCN (telephone company identifier) and indicators

   for international dialing and "Non-Dialable".



   Other related Bellcore documents include:



   - NPA/NXX Activity Guide lists all NPA/NXX codes schedules to be added,

     removed or "modified" (monthly). There's also an Active Code List that

     lists all NPA/NXX codes that aren't planned to be removed or "modified"

     for the next 6 months.



   - Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG) contains information on all

     USA/Caribbean destinations, switching entities, Rate Centers and

     Localities, Tandem Homing information, operator service codes,

     800/900 NXX assignments, etc. (three 1600 BPI tapes). Mostly useful

     to interexchange carriers (IXCs) and other telephone companies.



   - Telephone Area Code Directory (TACD) is a document listing area

     codes according to location (ordered by state/provi  nce and place).

     TACD also includes a list of Carrier Identification Codes (CICs)

     used for 10XXX+ or 950.ZXXX long distance service selection.



--------------------

Regulatory & Tariffs

--------------------



Q: What's this about the FCC starting a modem tax for those

   using modems on phone lines?



A: This is one of those tall urban legends, on the order of the Craig

   Shergold story (yes, folks, Craig's doing okay as of last report and

   he doesn't need cards of any kind). It started when the FCC took up

   a proposal that, if it had passed, would have raised the rate that

   certain modem users paid, notably those who have set up their own

   long distance networks for public use, like Compu$erve. The proposal

   was not enacted into law.



   Nevertheless, this proposal, or one even worse, could come up again

   in the future. Here's how to tell the facts from the urban legends.

   (1) Demand documentation; don't act until you see   a copy of the FCC

   proposal. (2) Once you have the proposal, look at the number. It will

   be in the form yy-n, yy-nn, or yy-nnn. The first number, before the

   hyphen, is the year. If, for example, it's the infamous 85-79, you

   know it was the 79th proposal all the way back in 1985, and no longer

   matters. (3) If you do see an up-to-date proposal, read it carefully.

   If you can't tell what part of it enacts a "modem tax", demand that

   the person who wants you to act explain it to you. If they can't,

   or won't, then (and only then) bring it up on Telecom Digest, making

   sure that you always include the FCC proposal's number, so that people

   know which document you're talking about.



   Regulators in other countries may also have similar types of notices. The

   CRTC in Canada issues public notices and decisions on telecommunications

   using similar numbering schemes.



Q: Why is a touch tone line more expensive than a rotary dial

   line (in many places)?



A: This h  as been an occasional debate topic in the Digest. Indeed,

   there can be a surcharge from $1 to $3 per month to have the

   ability to dial using touch tone. In modern equipment, touch

   tone is actually better and cheaper for the phone company

   to administer that the old pulse/rotary dialing system.



   The tone dialing charge can be attributed to the value of

   a demanded service; tone is better, thus a premium can be

   applied for this privilege. Also, it is something of a holdover

   from the days when tone service required extra expense to decode

   with the circuitry originally available. This is especially

   true on crossbar exchanges, or where tone would have to be

   converted to dial pulses as is the case with step-by-step

   exchange equipment. Today, cheap integrated circuits are readily

   available for decoding the tones used in dialing, and are

   a standard part of electronic switching systems.



   Some telephone companies have abandoned a premium char  ge for tone

   dialing by including this in the regular local service charge. Others

   still hold to some form of tone surcharge.



Q: How come I got charged at a hotel for a call where no

   one answered? Why is the timing on some of the long

   distance carriers inaccurate?



A: Where real call supervision is unavailable or inconvenient,

   a ploy used by some call billing systems is to guess when

   a call might be answered. That is, a customer dials the call,

   and the equipment times the progress; after a certain point

   in time the billing will commence whether or not the party

   at the other end actually answers the phone. Thus, calls

   left ringing for more than five or six rings can be billed.

   Adding to the problem is the fact that calls don't necessarily

   start ringing at a fixed time after the last digit is dialed.



   Needless to say, some calls can be left uncharged in this scheme.

   Should the call be answered and completed before the billing timer

   elapses, t  he call won't be billed.



   There are reports that California requires proper billing and

   supervision of calls. Other areas may adopt similar requirements.





-----------

Competition

-----------



Q: Which countries have competitive long distance service?



A: Most countries have a single monopoly telephone company for their

   local and long distance services. Yet, deregulation of telephone

   companies and telecommunications in general is a worldwide trend.

   For better or worse, the international marketplace is demanding

   more innovation and competition in telecom markets in such areas

   as electronic mail, fax and data services as well as the long

   distance, satellite and other network services.



   The United States has competition in terms of long distance services

   (i.e. a choice of carriers such as AT&T, MCI, Sprint, Metromedia/ITT,

   Allnet, ATC). This was established in the early 1980s with the

   court-ordered dissolution of the Bell System into such piece  s as

   regional local telephone providers, AT&T (long distance) and

   Bellcore (research, administration of telephone standards, etc.).



   The UK has a duopoly long distance situation: British Telecom

   and Mercury can provide long distance services but that could

   be challenged as other companies wish to provide long distance

   services.



   Canada permitted public long distance competition in June 1992.

   Prior to that, there was limited competition in terms of such things

   as fax communication services and various long distance/local service

   resellers, aimed at business interests. Unitel and BCRL/Call-Net

   were successful in their application to compete. A subsequent appeal

   of certain aspects of this decision was made by Bell Canada and other

   existing telephone companies. The result of the appeal was that

   the decision could stand, and that long distance competition may

   proceed.



   New Zealand recently allowed Clear Communications to com  pete in long

   distance. Australia now has Optus as a long distance competitor. Japan

   has competition in international public long distance services.



   There are initial signs competition in the "local loop", or local

   exchange services, also. Reports from the UK indicate that there is

   significant growth in alternative local services, besides the Mercury/BT

   long distance duopoly (competition of two). Cable companies are touted

   as the alternative local phone company because of the available capacity

   on cable feeds, plus the cable industry's conversion to fibre optic and

   digital technologies. A choice of "dial tone" providers may eventually

   be available to match the availability of competition in long distance

   services.



Q: What is a COCOT?



A: Customer-Owned Coin-Operated Telephone, or perhaps Coin-Operated

   Customer-Owned Telephone. Essentially, this is a privately-owned

   public telephone as opposed to the traditional payphone that   is

   owned and operated by the local telephone company. Most COCOTs exist

   in the United States; their status is not too well-known outside

   the U.S. Certainly there are no approved COCOTs in Canada as

   such and are also likely rare or nonexistent in other nations.



   The COCOT is the target of much scorn as it often delivers less than

   what one would hope for in competition. Cited deficiencies of many

   of these units include prohibiting access to carriers like AT&T, use

   of default "carriers" that charge exorbitant rates for long distance

   calls, etc. Some of them have had problems when newly activated area

   codes were used. In some cases, COCOTs would not even place calls to

   numbers whose new area codes could not be dialed and whose old area

   codes could no longer be dialed.



Q: What is an AOS?



A: AOS is short for Alternate Operator Service. That is a company other

   than a long distance carrier or local telephone company that provides

   operator assist   ed services for long distance (collect, third number

   billed calls, person-to-person, etc.). Normally this involves having

   operator staff handle billing and the necessary dialing, but the AOS

   companies make use of existing long distance services rather than have

   their own network. Using an AOS, whether for a collect call or credit

   card call can be more expensive than bargained for.



   Often, COCOTs (see above) will have their default "carrier" set to

   an AOS, for optimum revenues. Hotels may also set up phones to use

   AOS services by default.



Q: What is "splashing"?



A: Suppose you place a call from city A to city B using an AOS based

   in city C. The call is considered to be "splashed" if the billing

   for the call is based on the distance between city C (AOS) and

   city B (destination) rather than between cities A and B as

   one traditionally expects such calls to be billed. Thus, if the

   splashed distance (C-B) is much longer than the origin-destination

   (A-B)   distance, the customer is charged extra money.



Q: Where can I find a list of equal access (10XXX) codes?



A: The TELECOM Digest Archives has lists of these codes. They are contained

   in the files occ.10xxx.access.codes and occ.10xxx.list.updated in the

   TELECOM Digest Archives. New information on these codes or other access

   codes occasionally appears in TELECOM Digest.



   An official, full list of these codes was part of Bellcore's Telephone

   Area Code Directory document. Bellcore also maintains a list of these

   Carrier Identification Codes as a separate document (see "How can I

   contact Bellcore?" question for details on purchasing Bellcore documents).



Q: How can I tell who my default carrier is (or that of a 10XXX+

   carrier)?



A: In the U.S., dial 1 700 555.4141, and that should get a recording

   indicating the default carrier. This should be a free call. From

   regular lines, dialing 10XXX + 1 700 555.4141 can yield the

   identifying recordings of other   carriers.



   On payphones, AT&T is always a "default" carrier for coin calls, but not

   necessarily so when it comes to calling/billing card numbers, collect

   calls or other operator-assisted calls. Thus on payphones, AT&T's

   recording is heard regardless if what carrier access codes are used

   before 1 700 555.4141. Apparently, no other long distance carrier is

   interested in collecting coin revenues. COCOTs usually handle coin

   calls with self-contained coin billing equipment (and guessing of

   call connection time).





--------

Features

--------



Q: What is the calling card "boing" and what is it made of?



A: When a North American call is dialed as 0 + (area code if necessary)

   + number, a "boing" is heard after the number is dialed. This is the

   prompt to enter a telephone company calling card number to bill the

   call with, or to select the operator (0) for further handling, or in

   some regions to specify collect or third number billing for the call.



   The b  oing consists of a very short burst of the '#' touch tone, followed

   by a rapidly decaying dial tone. The initial '#' tone is used in case

   certain tone-pulse converters exist on the line; such converters use the

   '#' to disable conversion of tones to dial pulses, a conversion which

   would prevent card number entries from reaching the long distance provider.



Q: How can I prevent the call waiting tone from beeping in

   mid-conversation?



A: If you place the call, and don't want to get interrupted, a call

   waiting suppression code is dialed before dialing the call itself.

   The most common code for this in North America is *70 or 1170 (on

7   rotary dial phone lines). 70# (or 70 and wait on rotary phone) could

   also be used in some areas. Other countries will have special codes

   for this, and will vary in terms of capabilities offered.



   Local phone companies in some areas charge installation and monthly

   fees for 'Cancel Call Waiting', and you mu  st subscribe for this to

   work. In some areas it comes free with Call Waiting. In a few other

   areas it may be unavailable at any price.



   Thus, to call 555.0000 so that call waiting is disabled, dial *70

   (or whatever the correct code is for your area), wait for another

   dial tone, then dial 555.0000 as usual.



   Suppressing call waiting tone on an *incoming* call may be possible

   depending on how your phone company has set the central office.

   One possible way of doing this is to flash your switch-hook briefly,

   see if a dial tone comes on, then try dialing the call waiting

   suppress code (*70 or whatever). Southwestern Bell, for instance,

   uses a variant of this: <flash hook> *70 <flash hook> (i.e. a second

   hook flash required). The methods are not guaranteed, however; your

   phone company might be able to give a better answer if the preceding

   doesn't work.



   NOTE: each phone company will determine the capabilities of Call Waiting

   features, a  nd what codes will be used to activate them, and what costs

   the service will be provided at. The codes are not necessarily the same

   from place to place. Please consult your phone company for official

   information in your particular area if any of the above codes do not work

   properly. Also check the phone book introductory pages as these sometimes

   include instructions on how to use special calling services such as

   Call Waiting.



-------------

Miscellaneous

-------------

Q: Is there a way to find someone given just a phone number?



A: Sometimes. There are often cross-referenced city indexes available in

   libraries and other places that have lists ordered by the phone number.

   These directories go by names such as Bowers, Mights, Strongs or other

   brands. Unlisted numbers are not listed, nor are they intended to be

   traced by the general public. One catch is that such directories are

   necessarily out of date shortly after their publication what wit  h the

   "churn" of changing telephone numbers and addresses.



   In addition, there are phone numbers provided by telephone companies

   that connect to live lookup services. Operators at these numbers will

   determine a person according to the phone number. Only a few of these

   lookup numbers are intended for the general public (e.g. Chicago and

   Tampa). Some countries have also provided number to name lookup as a

   matter of normal telephone service, although these are often chargeable

   calls. Otherwise, most of these lookup numbers are for internal telephone

   company usage. Again, unlisted numbers are not intended to be provided

   by these services, while the listed numbers are often found in the

   introductory pages of local phone books.



   The Compuserve on line service had a facility to find names and addresses

   based on phone numbers. This facility is reported to have more recent

   information for residential numbers than for business numbers. T  hose

   interested should contact Compuserve staff for assistance or information

   on this service.



   Private detectives seem to have other means of getting these

   numbers, but that's another story...



Q: Where can a Cellular/Mobile Radio mailing list be contacted?



A: A mailing list dedicated to cellular/mobile radio technologies, namely

   new digital radio services, is available. Contact dec@dfv.rwth-aachen.de.

   Fidonet has a CELLULAR conference for cellular telephony issues, for

   those with access to that network.



<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>



          

          



          -=Building and using the P*M all purpose PhUn kit=-    

                    -=By Panther Modern TNO/TBF=-







  Ain't it fun to fuck someone over, and to cause general ChAoZ?  The 

all purpose PhUn-Kit is a way for someone who isn't into bomz and chaos

to jump rite in and start having fun!  Anyone can obtain the materials,

an  d all instructions are very easy to use and follow.  THis file is 

intended for the beginner.  Some of this information may have been used

in other files, but my writing (in my oppinion :) is much easier to 

understand.  So read on..

    

    The first thing we'll do is assemble the all-purpose phun kit!!!

Just get a little place to store all your stuff, and you are ready.  

Into your kit, assemble the following:



QTY   DESCRIPTION                              APPROX. PRICE EACH

-----------------------------------------------------------------

04    4 oz containers of Potassium Nitrate.    $2.00 each

-----------------------------------------------------------------

01    Bag of powdered sugar.                   $0.75

-----------------------------------------------------------------

01-02 Containers of Epsom Salts.               $2.00 or so each

-----------------------------------------------------------------

01    Hammer, with hook end                    $10.00 or so

---------------------  --------------------------------------------

05    C02 canisters.  Empty, or full.          $0.50-0.75 each

-----------------------------------------------------------------

06    Estes "D" Class Rocket Engines           $1.50 each.  

-----------------------------------------------------------------

??    LOTZ OF FUSE!!!!!                        $0.50/Foot

-----------------------------------------------------------------

05    Boxes of strike anywhere matches         $0.50-0.75 each

-----------------------------------------------------------------

02    Tennis Balls                             $0.75 each

-----------------------------------------------------------------

01    Funnel                                   $0.20

-----------------------------------------------------------------

             Not too cheap, but definately worth the

             price.  And there is always the 'ole

             5-finger discount...

-----------------------------------------------------------   ------





Okay, now that you probably have everything you need (You can pick up 

most of it at a local drug store) we will start building our fun pack.

   

   The first thing we want to do is work on a hard surface.  I

myself work on a linoleum, or concrete floor, but its your choice.  

If you work on a rug, and you accidentally drop some of your powder(s) 

that we will be making, you could lose great quantities of it.  Also, 

a hard floor is much easier to do things like crushing powder on.  

Or, you could use a work table.  But you will need a hard floor in time.

   

   The first thing we will make is some Potassium Nitrate mixes. 

I hope you have a non-stick pot to work with, or cleanup will be

more difficult.  Both mixtures are STICKY AS HELL  when they are still 

mixing, and can cause much trouble at cleanup time.  Anyway, its your 

choice.  To make the first mixture, you take 3 parts Saltpeter (Potassium

Nitrate) and two parts sugar, by volume, and put 'em in a pot, over

a stove on hig  h heat.  Melt everything down into a thick mixture,

and, when ready, pour it into your mold.  I use a bowl lined with

a plastic bag.  This makes a nice big mold, and since this stuff

is close to IMPOSSIBLE to cut once its dried, you need a mold to

suit your size.  Also, don't panic when the plastic starts to melt,

it won't stick.  Embed some fuse in it, leave about 6 inches to lite, 

and 1 embedded in the mixture. Now, throw it in the freezer for awhile, 

until it is no longer warm to the touch.  Now, let it dry off, as it 

may have absorbed some moister from the freezer, and when it is dry, you 

now have a lava bomb.  Not really a bomb, but FUN!  Now, I bet you want

to try it, 'eh?  Well, put it on whatever surface you want to fuck

up, (Try the hood of a car!) and light one of the matches.  You may

have to wrap some newspaper around it so that it will catch closer

to the head.  As it burns, it will get VERY hot, and throw little

liquid chunks of "lava" everywhere.    It will also smoke a little

bit.  Looks like a mushroom cloud...You may be able to find a

better ratio for mixing, if you do, I would appreciate it if you 

could contact me with it.  I am always on the lookout.

   

   Next, we will make smoke bombs.  Take 1 part saltpeter, and 1

part epsom salts, and mix 'em in a pot.  Now, put it on high heat

over a stove, and melt it.  Follow the same procedure as you did

with the saltpeter and sugar mixture, and you will have a (some)

NICE smokebomb(s).  This ratio may be improved upon also, I have

no clue.  I don't have very much experience with this mix, but 

from what I have seen, it is fairly nice.  Anyway, try to have fun with

your smoke bomb.  You can fuck someone up with the smoke it

generates.  Make 'em cough like hell, or smoke 'em out of their

house, or something.  You'll figure it out...

  

  Now we're going to make a ball bomb.  First, bore a little

hole in the side of the tennis ball, JUST big enough to fit the

funnel through if yo  u really stretch it.  Put your funnel in, and

start cutting off the heads of the strike anywhere matches.  I use

about 500-600 to make a good bomb.  Now, put all those match heads

in the ball, until the ball is FULL of 'em!  AND MAKE SURE YOU

DON'T DROP THE GODDAMN BALL!!!  Next, take out the funnel, and wrap

the ball TIGHTLY with electric tape.  Cover the whole with the

tape.  Now, you can go throw it at someone, or something.  The

reason that this bomb works is that all of the match heads strike

against each other.  It works for the same reason an M80 works, but

you don't have to light this one!  If you have made the bomb

correctly, it will make a nice big explosion, sending out a

fireball, little chunks of tennis ball, and match heads all over

the place at high speeds.  Very fun.  

  

  Next, we will make a nice warhead-type thing...First, grab one

of your CO2 canisters.  If it is empty, then enlarge the hole with

a nail.  If not, then puncture a hole in the   top with a nail, and

let all the CO2 come out.  Now, peel open a couple rocket engines. 

Peel all of the cardboard off the outside.  Next, remove the clay

caps on each end, and dispose of them.  Now, put the pieces of

propellent into HEAVY-DUTY plastic bags (or, even better, CANVAS), 

and put them on a smooth, hard floor.  Smash them with your hammer, 

until they are ground into a super-fine powder.  I prefer mine to be

around the consistency of flour, but its your choice.  The finer

the powder, the better the explosion will be.  Once you are done

crushing, use your funnel, and fill up the canister with the

powder.  After it is full, put in your fuse, through the hole, (I

would recommend using at least 1 foots of fuse - This will provide at least

20-30 seconds, mattering on what type of fuse you are using.  Make sure that

at least 1 inch of fuse is in the powder, to make sure of connection.

Use a hotglue gun to seal the fuse in, and also cover around the fuse. 

Once i  t is sealed, wrap the entire canister, and somewhat up the 

fuse with 1-2 layers of masking tape.  Now cover over all the masking tape,

and a little bit up the fuse with electrical tape.  Use 2-3 layers

of it.  You now have a GREAT bomb.  Use it to blow

someone/something/anything up!  It will make a VERY loud blast,

throw shards of metal everywhere, and do other fun things...

  

  Another fun thing to do with the rocket engines is to peel one,

and put it on top of a surface you wish to destroy.  Light it up

by putting some newspaper under it, and lighting the paper.  It

will make a huge flaming arc, and lotsa' smoke.  The flame is very

hot, and will fuck up whatever it is on...

  

  Another PhUn chaotic thing to do is to look around..Next to trafic lites

you will often see big metal box-type things.  About 3/4 of the way up, 

there is a little "door"..take the hook end of your hammer, and usually

you can pry it open.  Once inside, you can CONTROL TRAFIC LITES!    This

includes changing red to green, green to red, or TURNING OFF the whole lite!

A fun thing to do is go up to one on a busy street, switch it to manual mode,

switch the busy street to red, the cross-street to green, close it back up,

and walk away.  Until someone gets into it, it will STAY THAT WAY!!!!

Just think of all the people sitting in their cars waiting for the lite

to change..PhUnPhUnPhUn!!

  

  Anyway, I hope this article was informative, and fun..And remember, don't

get caught. 



<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>









/---------------------------------------------------------------------------\

|                                                                           |

|       Variations on Queenryche                                            |

|                                                                           |

|                                  By                                       |

|                                                                             |

|                                        John Falcon (aka Renegade)         |

|                                                                           |

\---------------------------------------------------------------------------/







Best I Can...





A Child Alone in the Computer Room

The Modem was hidden here.....

No one home to catch me when I call.....



A young man now in a padded chair...

Glares at the monitor with a bitter stare...

But my dream is still alive....

I'm gonna be the Best I can....



I want to be a Hackin man...

I want to see AT&T crumble.....

I gonna make Bell cry in pain...yeah!....



I'm gonna write for Phrack magazine...

I'm gonna be, the best they ever seen...

I'm gonna win if I give it all I can.



And off I go....

Gotta make that call...

And off I go....

To be the best man, the best man that I can..



Outdial, Loops, Codez....got it good..

Learning all the wonders of this Computerized neighborhood...
  
Now take a turn on that Packet Switch Network....



It showed me that I can call for free....

But then Agent Foley went through people's life.

Giving me smarts, and a new direction to go in...



And here I go...

Gotta hack that root...

And here I go...

To be the best man, the best man that I can...



Step by step I dream the plan..

From my NUA to telnet man...

This constant dream is on my mind...

From T-1 I go to another PAD....

Call out into RNOC's LAN...

I dream to be the best I can....



Now I am fast forward...

Never looking back...

Straight ahead...

Giveing Bell a Heart Attack..

On a line that will never be charged...



I won't be torn between

The lamers on #warez

and the elite of LOD

I'm gonna melt the two men into one...



And here I go...

Typeing as I go...

And here I go....

To be the best man, the best man that I can...

The best man that I can

The best man that I can.....







Silent Lucidity...



Hush now don't you cry...

Wipe away the tear drop from y  our eye...

The Trace is safely dead...

Their lock-in trace was drained completely dead...



The Feds trick you to feel the pain.

Of someone close to you being caught and jailed...



So here it is, another chance..

Wide awake you face the day, the dream is over.

Or has it just begun?



There's a system I like to hack

A backdoor that I go through in the night.

Relax child, we are safe..

Tim Foley didn't realize that we are smart.



There's a place where you will learn.

To Call for free.

To hack VMB's....

C  ommand the trunks of AT&T...



Commanding in another world..

Suddendly, you hear a tone...and enter a magic new dimention..



I'll will always call for free.

Gonna make Ma Bell Pay for me..

Will protect my right that are to come to me.



I'm smileing at you.

With Silent Lucidity.



*Guitar Solo*



If you open long-distance lines up for free.

I wouldn't have to commit a felony...

The walls you built with pain.

Are being broken down with kids with boxes full of diodes.



Calling twice the speed of sound..

We hack UNIX...

We call through PBX...

We let information free to fly....



A round trip journey through internet...

Master of Illusion..

Don't you realize...

Our Dream's alive...

We can be the guide but...



I'll be watching over you...

Gonna make your nightmare's come true..

Will hack your computer in the night...

I'm smileing at you...

With Silent Lucidity..





<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>=<CoTNo>

















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