Radical (1990-1991)
-------------------
Radical was formed in december of 1990 by 10-15 former members of Steel and
Eject. The group was shortlived, and ceased to exist around january of the
the following year as all members joined Silicon.


Radius
------
The release of the group's diskmag "Recall #1" [late 90] was heavily
criticized in Hitmen's "ViNews #3" [01/91], based on information that
Curlin/Hitmen had joined Brainbombs and that he was also an alias for
Accu/ex Action - both claims which are untrue.


Radwar Enterprises (RWE)
------------------------
GER> AVH (12/87), BKA (12/87), DEF (12/87), MWS (12/87), TC (12/87).

Radwar was a German group, and originally a subgroup of The Light Circle
(TLC). The name Radwar is an abbreviation of the two words "Radiological
Warfare". They were legendary for a number of reasons. They were the first
to open the top border (1001 Crew, who is credited with 'opening the
borders' first in most references, opened the sideborders and not the
top/bottom); they arranged legendary copy parties, and also had a legendary
performance in the german tv show "Highscore", where they discussed cracking
games. That performance was followed by a big police crackdown soon after.
  The game "Logo" (released through Starbyte Software) had at least
protection written by MWS - don't know if the entire game was written by
him...
  Thanks to Rene 'Mark' for some information.


Raiders (RDS)
-------------
GER> Bert (Robert Memering, code gfx), Kamp (code).

Raiders is a small, 2-member German demo group. They made their first scene
appearance at X2000, and made their first release at the same event the
following year, with "Dual Head". Kamp is currently inactive, but still a
member.

  Dual Head (2001, Demo).
  Winner of the X2001 wild demo competition!


Raisers (1990-)
---------------
GER> Dave (founder mainorg, new 12/90).
???> Mendrake (ex Holocaust, new 12/90).

Raisers was formed 12/90 by Dave after his last group Tristar died. They are
probably a Danish group... Triad's "Gamers Guide #4" [early91] said he was
ex-Raisers, had changed his handle to Painkiller and had unsuccessfully
tried to join Triad.


Ramones
-------
  1990 - Scorpio and The Spy left for Alpha Flight 1970 around august.


Rampar
------
USA> Kid Quick (trade sysop?, 10/89), Minotaur (10/89), X-Factor (10/89).

Rampar was an american importing group.


Ramsos (1989-)
--------------
Ramsos was born in december of 1989, by previous members of X-Ray and Censor
Design.


Random (RND, -1991)
-------------------
Random was an American importing and fixing group, importing games mainly
from Illusion and Genesis Project. They died early 1991, since important
members Pudwerx and Stormbringer quit the group. Illusionist joined Talent,
and the further career of fourth member Blue Devil is unknown at this time.

Boards; THE FORUM (usa, 12/90-01/91), HIT'N'RUN (usa, 12/90-01/91).


Raw Deal Inc. (RDI)
-------------------
NOR> Aztec (code swap, ex Rawhead, new 03/89), Bit Buster (code music, ex
     Rawhead, new 03/89), Deadline (code gfx swap, ex Rawhead, new 03/89),
     Jrn (org), Kent (org, 02/89), Newton (code gfx swap, ex Rawhead, new
     03/89), Pink Panther, Zaphod.
SWE> Razor.

RDI was a Norwegian cracker group originally, but also became good demo
coders in the beginning of 1989, when they recruited four coders from the
old demo group Rawhead.
  1987 - Norwegians Laffen (crack, 10/87) and Geir left to form The Deadly
Friends in december.
  1990 - Swedish Chevignon (Tomas) was kicked early in the year.


Rawhead (1987-1989)
-------------------
NOR> Atom (code swap, 07/88), Howard (videoswap, 06/88), Jason (org gfx,
     06/88), The Archer (swap, 06/-07/88).

Rawhead was a purely Norwegian demo and cracker group born on the 14th of
august 1987 on the ashes of the group Royal Norwegian Zwappers (RNZ).
They were given a great boost after they joined forces with The Shadows
in march of 1988, and gained new members like Omega Supreme. They also had
amiga members, but only one coder - the rest were just swappers.
  1988 - Rocky (code crack) and Hot Dog joined in january, but left for The
Hidden Forces again in june. Lynx/The Sigma Crew (music) moved on to T.H.E.
late 88.
  1989 - In their demo "Pimplesqueezer 6" [02/89], released at the copyparty
they arranged together with Bros and The Suppliers, they announced the group
was splitting up. Omega Supreme, Storm Shadow, Moonray, Jab and Wizard
returned to their old group The Shadows; The Skyrunner (swap, aka TSR,
06/88), Track 7 (amiga swap) and Fantasy Zone (amiga code swap) were to
continue under the Rawhead name, essentially leaving the C64 section dead
and buried. After a small time of consideration, the remaining active
members - Aztec (code, 03/88), Bit Buster (code music, 03/88), Deadline
(code gfx, 03/88) and Newton (code gfx, 03/88) - decided to join Raw Deal
Inc.

  The Ball Demo (1988, Filedemo, 1 part).
  code: Jab, gfx: Wizard (logo), Moonray (chars), music: n/a.
  review: OK, this is not much of a release. This wouldn't even be much of a
  demoPART. This demo is just a scrolltext, a logo, and some animated
  sprites flying around. The only thing I really liked with this was the
  ones that expand and shrink in size if they're close or far away from the
  screen, a lot like the effect in the "Crystal Symphonies" musicdisks from
  Phenomena on the Amiga. Ofcourse, that was released much later. Avoid
  this, ppl. [glenn]

  Another D.Y.S.P. (1988, .03, Filedemo, 2 parts).
  code: Bit Buster, Deadline, Newton, gfx: n/a, music: Bmx Sim+ (game).
  review: With this small demo (actually just one intro and one actual part)
  Rawhead release their DYSP routine. They claim to actually have coded it
  before anyone else released one, but admit they can't prove it. They were
  the third to release such a routine, they claim. To the demo itself:
  Theres no actual graphics here, just chars and coding tricks. The Rawhead
  logo in the main part is just an outline, with some clever raster tricks.
  Theres lots of colorful raster bars below the dysp routine, too. This
  does have some primitive charm, and works fine for me. The music credit is
  for the intro, noone is credited with the mainpart music. Not bad. [glenn]

  Ok! (1988, .06, Filedemo, 3 parts).
  code: Aztec, Deadline, Newton, gfx: Newton, Deadline, Jason, music: n/a.
  review: Three parts to this one, and only one is any good. Deadline's part
  2, with that twisting stretching upscroller was original and cool. Other
  than that, this is nothing you need to search out. [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 3 (1988, 13.06, Filedemo, 5 parts).
  code: Omega Supreme, Deadline, Bit Buster, gfx: Storm Shadow, Moonray,
  Deadline, Newton, Bob/?, music: Rob Hubbard, Draconus (game), Red.
  review: I always liked this, and much of the 'blame' for that must go to a
  certain 14-year old and his ever expansive ego... Seriously, this demo
  represents some pretty great coding, especially for its time. This is a
  demo full of good routines, and Omega Supreme has a good eye for design.
  And to top it all of, they end the show by inventing something new:
  tech-tech on the C64, inspired by Sodans classic Amiga demo. The effect
  was invented by Moonray, and coded by Omega Supreme. As you may have
  already guessed, this demo is much about Omega Supreme. Take my word for
  it, you cant help but be charmed by the amazing self belief this young
  man possesses. The thing that makes it so entertaining is that he's not
  just blowing smoke either: After showing us something thats a little
  showstopping, he declares to the world that he's as close to a coding god
  as they'll ever get! Trust me, it's great fun. And a great demo too!
    They use the same logo here once, that they used twice in "OK!" [06/88]
  already. Perhaps time to get a good graphician? [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 4 (1988, Filedemo, 3 parts).
  code: Deadline, gfx: Deadline, Moonray, music: Bit Buster, "Alloyrun"
  (game) by Jeroen Tel, Ubik (game).
  review: This edition of Pimplesqueezer was coded entirely by Deadline.
  After the impressive PS3, this was also a step down. PS4 has none of the
  showmanship of the third installment. The only thing that might make you
  sit up and take notice is the last part, with a scrolling game terrain in
  the sideborder. Other than that, this is BOORING...

  Pimplesqueezer 5 (1988, 08.10, Filedemo).
  code: Omega Supreme, Deadline, gfx: Moonray, music: Lynx/T.H.E.
  2nd in the Razor 1911, Cartel and Abnormal party demo competition!
  review: I'd love to review this demo, but I'm having having trouble
  progressing past the introductory note. The demo requires you to press the
  keys O M E G and A at the same time, and it just doesn't work in CCS64.
  The credits are in no way complete. [glenn]

  Partysqueezer (1988, 08.10, Filedemo, 4 parts).
  code: Omega Supreme, Aztec, Deadline, Bitbuster, gfx: Wizzard, Deadline,
  music: Fire Eagle, The Last V8 (game).
  Winner of the Razor 1911, Cartel and Abnormal party demo competition!
  review: Winner of the democompetition where Rawhead also came in second...
  How's that for a power demonstration? At the time, noone on the Norwegian
  scene could touch these guys. The demo itself isn't really that
  outstanding, except for the final part. That one features a picture
  STRETCHER by Bit Buster that looks pretty wicked! The only other coding
  highlight were the three DYCPS bouncing around over each other. Theres
  not much in the way of graphical excellence; theres mostly some average
  chars and a not-too-fabulous logo. I'm sure the picture in the end part
  looks OK, if it would just stand still :) The music's probably all ripped
  - there's no indication of anything else. A fair demo with a wicked
  stretcher! [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 6 (1989, 24.02, Filedemo, 4 parts).
  code: Omega Supreme, gfx: Moonray, music: Ole Marius/Prosonix.
  3rd in the Rawhead, Bros and Suppliers Party demo competition.
  review: A fair end to the Pimplesqueezer series, and the final one
  released under the Rawhead label. With this demo, released at the copy
  party they helped organize, the split up of Rawhead was announced. Theres
  a few things of technical interest here, like a nice DYCP, 25 scrollers
  and even a sinusscroller - had that ever been done before on the C64? Not
  bad. [glenn]


Razor 1911 (1985-1986)
----------------------
Razor was formed in Norway in 1985 by three guys, later known as Doctor No,
Insane TTM and Sector9. The group's original name was actually Razor 2992,
but this was later changed to 1911. The group lasted for about a year,
creating a few demos and releasing a few cracks. They then broke up, and
one half went to TCC, and the the other half (Sector9 and Doctor No) went
to Megaforce - later known as Scoopex on the Amiga. This membership only
lasted about a month, before both went and joined Active Cracking Crew.
They would later come together again in 1987 when they gave rebirth to
Razor on the Amiga. To read more about this, check out the Razor 1911
founders website at http://www.laric.se/razor


Rebels [1]
----------


Rebels [2] (1990-1990)
----------------------
Rebels was a swedish group, reborn around may 1990 by Goldie, King Fisher,
TDM + others from Royalty and  Watchman + Dynamite from Triad. In late july
or early august the same year the group died after swedes Dynamic, Goldie
(aka Goldenchild), Hero, TDM and King Fisher left to join Triad, and the
only remaining member Watchman left for Fairlight.


Rebels [3]
----------
GER> Chaotic (Jan Winters, ex BCD, new 09/94).
???> TUC (code crack, 09/94), Tucislade (new 12/92).

  1992 - Tucislade (code) joined in december.
  1994 - German swapper Nitro (A. Ebner, 01/93) left the scene; Mr.Alpha
left to be in F4CG only; Tristar (paper artist) was kicked, and Dr.Who
(designer) was brought in to replace him; Suzuki (also in Dytec) left;
Chaotic/ex BCD joined, and finally TUC is back in the group after his failed
attempt to form a group called Fusion.


Red Sector [old]
----------------
  1989 - Baker left to form a new group called Byronic, while Lois and Bow
joined the group around september. Madman and Warboy left to join Alpha
Flight 1970 in november. They both changed their handles at the same time,
and are now called Glenn and Cronos.


Red Sector Inc [new] (RSI)
--------------------------
GER> Brego (08-09/93), Count Zero (crack, ex X-Rated, later SCS-TRC, new
     early-11/93), Darklord (ex Arcade, new early93), Ikarus (early93),
     Irata (supply, 11/93), Mister President (code, 11/93), Psychobilly
     (08-09/93).
???> Crisp (crack, new 08/93), Double-T (code crack, 92), Hok (crack, new
     08/93), Scat (gfx, 12/93), TBB (swap, later Talent, new 10/93), The
     Secret Man (supply, 92), TNM (cardhacker, new 05/93).

Boards; FORPLAY (usa, 11/93), THE CAPITOL EHQ (10/93), THE RED BBS (new
     10/93).

Red Sector was a german cracking group.
  1993 - Aslive left early this year, and is now only in Genesis Project and
Flash Inc. Icarus left for Alpha Flight in may, only to leave the scene a
few days later. TNM (cardhacker) joined in may. Former Action crackers Hok
and Crisp returned to the scene in august, under the wings of RSI! Another
ex-Arcade member, swapper TBB, joined up in october. Other happenings in
october included the EHQ changing its name from 'GODLAND' to 'THE CAPITOL',
a new board called 'THE RED BBS' joining, graphician Silver/WOW joining and
finally german Dense (supplier and editor of the papermag "Bullet Proof")
getting kicked out of the group for laziness.


Reflex [old]
------------
Reflex is a norwegian demo group, reborn when Wax and Pee left Megastyle Inc
in july 1990. They likely never created any waves, and that is the reason
why the new, more widely-known Reflex never knew there was already a group
with this name! =]


Reflex [new] (RFX)
------------------
GER> Dr.Kaos (Martin Richtarsky, swap, mid94-09/95), Happymaker (Olaf
     Zimmermann, editor, 11/94-09/95), Hogan (Enrico Wenzlawe, gfx,
     also in Acsore, 01/95-07/98), PVCF (music, 12/94-04/96), Quiss
     (Matthias Kramm, code, 93-04/96).
???> Adder (code, 12/96), Amoeba (gfx, 12/96), Felidae (gfx, 12/93-12/96),
     Guru (09/95), Jim Jack (gfx, 12/96), Johnny Walker (09/95), Praiser
     (music, 12/96), Private Soldier (09/95), PVT (ger? gfx, 12/94-04/96),
     Roder (gfx, also in Agony Design [details], new 09/95), Zorc (code,
     09/95-12/96), Warp8 (ger? code gfx, 01/95-12/96).

PREVIOUS MEMBERS -

???> Condor (ger? gfx, 01/95).

Reflex are a primarily German demo group.
  1995 - Roder joined as a doublemember from Agony Design around september.
Warp8 was reported to have left for the reformed Flash Inc., but I do have
him as a member in december of 1996, so that might not be accurate.
  1996 - After releasing "Centric Preview" [04/96] - their fourth
consecutive winning demo - they announced in an accompanying note that they
would make no more demos for the C64, since there was no competition any
more. They have now moved much of their activity to the pc scene.
  1998 - Hogan contributed a logo and a picture to WOW's second placed demo
"Home Invasion" [07/98] at Wired 98.

  Access Denied (1994, 28.12, Demo).
  Winner of The Party 4 demo competition!

  Insider #04 (1995, 13.01, Diskmag, 2 sides).
  INT - code: Warp8, gfx: Hogan (logo), music: "Speedway" by Fanta/Plush.
  MAG - code: Warp8, gfx: Condor (reflexlogo), Hogan (insiderlogo), music:
        Zyron/Antic, KB/TOM, Odysseus/Eastgang, Xayne/Crest, DOS/ADSR,
        Syndrom/Crest, Shogoon/Taboo, BIO/Bass, Peace/Noice, editors:
        Happymaker (main), Warp8, Hogna.
  review: This mag opens with an amazingly boring intro - garish colors, bad
  music, lousy gfx... The music in the intro is Fanta's winning tune from
  The Party 94, btw :). After pressing space the mag itself loads, and
  thankfully looks a lot better than the intro did. I really like the menu,
  it's clear, easy to navigate, and looks pretty OK. It's a two-way split
  screen, with a passable reflex logo at the top, and the bottom containing
  the actual menu. It's easily controllable by cursors or joystick. Pressing
  enter (or fire, for that matter) loads a new tune or a new article. The
  article reading screen is a little different. Here the logo (for Insider
  this time) resides at the bottom of the screen, and the top part is
  reserved for the text. I have a serious complaint here; not enough space
  is reserved for the text. Nothing much to do about it, but it does leave
  you with 40-page long articles... The editorial content is pretty ok, with
  a good range of articles, where I guess the party reports were the most
  enjoyable to me. The english is pretty good most of the time.
    to conclude: Insider is a good mag, that could have been even better
  with a larger reading area, perhaps a font that's a little more innovative
  (DEFINITIVE deja-vu feelings!) and some better graphicians working for
  them... and perhaps by replacing a few of those tunes with more articles?
  [glenn]

  Radio Napalm (1995, Demo).
  Winner of the X'95 demo competition!

  Centric Preview (1996, 07.04, Demo).
  code: Quiss, gfx: PVT, music: PVCF.
  Winner of the Symposium 96 demo competition!
  review: Yee-ha! This is a goodie! Ofcourse, anything coming from these
  guys should be... It's not the effects in themselves, but the design that
  set this one out. They way they've learned from Amiga and PC demos to time
  the onscreen action to the music is a great asset for them. The effects
  are not half bad either, ofcourse, with an impressive and colorful tunnel
  effect being the highlight. Also, the dripping/sliding 'water' routine was
  impressive and original. This demo was made more as a preview for their
  upcoming game "Centric" than as an actual demo. The official results used
  the name Cyance - the name of Reflex' games development part - but we all
  know who these guys are :-) [glenn]

  Drug Sixtyfour (1996, 16.08, Multifile Demo).
  code: Zorc, Felidae, Adder/Siesta, gfx: Felidae, Jim Jack, music: Praiser.
  5th in the Assembly 96 demo competition.

  Nine (1996, 28.12, Multifile Demo).
  code: Zorc, Adder, gfx: Felidae, Jim Jack, Eartquake, Amoeba, music:
  Jeff/Camelot, Praiser. Winner of The Party 96 demo competition!
  review: A truly impressive demo, Nine (or IX as it says inside) had no
  trouble securing Reflex' third consecutive win at The Party demo
  competition this year. A lot of shading techniques make this a demo best
  viewed from a few feet away, for the full impression. Especially effects
  like the "rot + kipping landscape" (looks like a voxel to me! ;]) and the
  snowboard animation towards the end suffer at close inspection. This demo
  was no doubt made to be enjoyed on a big screen. Other impressive effects
  are the metaballs (that Zorc insists on calling 'blob potentials') and the
  rotating texturemorpher. It also features a slightly exhaustive mode of
  execution; you first load the main executable, then flip the disk before
  the demo starts... Then you flip the disk BACK for the last couple of
  parts. ;) A great, long demo with a lot of entertainment potential, and
  good music - especially Jeff's first tune. No less than four fullscreen
  pictures are included in the demo; Earthquake's "Underwaterlight",
  Felidae's "Die Schnitte" (3rd in the gfx competition), Amoeba's "Surreal"
  (definitely the best pic in the demo!) and Warp 8's "Primal Rage" (5th in
  the gfx competition).
    There is a short notefile included, detailing the exact credits for each
  part and little else. The demo is called "Nine" simply because it is
  Reflex' 9th demo. [glenn]


Regina
------
DEN> Dr.Zivago (Allan Hylke, code, 11/93), Duke (Alex Hylke, editor,
     11/93-06/94), Idol (Rene G. Larsen, swap, 11/93), KBS (Kim Berg
     Sorensen, swap, 11/93-09/94), Steve (code, 11/93), Sun Dancer (Kim
     Kristensen, gfx, 11-12/93).
NOR> Shark (music, doublememb Blues Muz' [details], 12/93-94).
HUN> Mercury (Biro Szabolcs, gfx, ex Lethargy, new 05/94).

Boards; POWERSURGE WHQ (usa), GATEWAY EHQ (den).

Regina is a demo group based in Denmark.
  1994 - Before the release of Pulse #12, they recruited Hungarian
graphician Mercury in may.

  The Pulse #5 (1993, 01.11, Multifile Diskmag).
  code: Dr.Zivago, gfx: Sun Dancer, music: Shark, editor: Duke (main),
  Psychobilly/RSI, Crossfire/Epic, Steve/Regina, Sun Dancer/Regina,
  Splatterhead/AFL, KBS/Regina.
  review: No intro for this one, but the rest is the same as in previous
  issues. No big news about the the mag this month, except that Splatterhead
  replaces Brego/RSI on the staff. Apart from the usual news and charts,
  Suzieuzi/Illusion's board 'THE INTERSECTION' gets profiled in the board
  section, as does Cruzer/Camelot in the demo section. No big new demo
  releases to review, as everyone was likely saving their best for the
  upcoming The Party 93.
    The accompanying note was done in Facenoter 0.1, and features music by
  Metal. [glenn]

  The Pulse #12 (1994, 01.06, Multifile Diskmag).
  code: Dr.Zivago, Iceball/Motiv8 (loader), gfx: Mercury (intro),
  Kring/Camelot (main), music: Drax/Vibrants, editor: Duke.
  review: A rather nice mag, written interestingly and intelligently, nice
  and stable but without a real 'WOW' effect. Wellwritten. [glenn]


Relax (1987-1987)
-----------------
Relax were a Swedish cracker group, formed in april 1987 out of the remains
of the West Coast Crackers (WCC). Almost all members - Janitor (crack) ++ -
joined Triad 09/87, causing the group to finally die.


Remember (REM, 1997-, http://www.remember64.de)
-----------------------------------------------
GER> Hok (crack, 02/97-05/02), Jack Alien (code crack, 97-05/02).
ENG> Derbyshire Ram (Barry Joynes, doublememb Alpha Flight 1970 [details],
     12/97-05/02).
SWE> Icon (Mikael Johansson, code supply webmaster, new 09/02).
???> Fatman (supply, 04/98-05/02), Intruder (05/02).

Remember is a german retro-cracking group, born in early 1997 by Jack Alien
and Hok. Retro-cracking means the group is devoted to releasing new,
'perfect' cracks of old games. All their intros are made by Jack Alien.
Their homepage is called 'Immortal Antiques'. They are by far the most
successful retro-group, at least in terms of releases. They passed 300 in
the year 2002.
  1997 - Derbyshire Ram changed groups from F4CG to Alpha Flight 1970 around
november-december 1997, but keeps his double membership in Remember.
  2002 - Swedish Icon joined, and will be hosting the Remember website and
supply old games for the group.


Remembers, The
--------------
AUT> Mr.Alpha (Mario Berghold, 12/94).

Remembers later became the group Nostalgia.


Resource (RSC)
--------------
???> Roy (music, also in Replay, 08-09/96), Splash (gfx, 08-12/96)

  Winteractive (1995, 02.12, Demo).
  2nd in the Liquid 95 demo competition.

  Inhumanity 3 (1996, 01.09, Demo).
  Winner of the AntIQ 96 demo competition!

  Animate (1996, 12.10, Demo).
  Winner of the Pie Slice 96 demo competition!

  Daze (1996, 28.12, Demo).
  3rd in The Party 96 demo competition.

  Out of Daze (1997, 05.04, Demo).
  Split winner of the Scenest 97 demo competition!

  Void (1997, 28.12, Demo).
  3rd in The Party 97 demo competition.
  info: Cooperation with Coma.

  Dentro (1998, 22.08, Demo).
  Winner of the AntiQ 98 demo competition!

  Suffering 20% (1999, 30.01, 4k Intro).
  Third in the Contest 99 4k intro competition.

  Room 2 (1999, 04.04, 4k Intro).
  code: Edhellon, gfx/music: n/a.
  Split 7th in the Mekka Symposium 99 4k intro competition.

  Soiled Legacy (2001, 23.11, Demo).
  code: Oswald, Krill/Plush (loadersystem), gfx:
  review:
  [glenn]


Rizing (RZN, 1989-1990)
-----------------------
Rizing was a Swedish group, built in 1989 by previous members of Cheyens.
  1990 - Early in the year they were briefly joined by Stanz/Dominators, but
he shortly moved on to join Zeropage. Ogami and Imagine joined from SCCS
around august, and around the same time the group went into cooperation with
Zone 45. Rizing finally ceased to exist when the group finally merged with
Zone 45 in december, forming the new group Omega.

  Legendary Style 2 (1990, Demo).
  Cooperation with Zone 45.

  Jesus Vill Bota (1990, Demo).
  Cooperation with Zone 45.


ROLE (http://www.role64.com)
----------------------------
BEL> Axe (swap, early91), Budgi (swap, 01/91), Mendrake (swap, new 01/91).
N-L> Scorelord (swap, early91).
AUS> Witty (swap, 07/90).
ENG> Merman (Andrew Fisher, swap, also in People of Liberty, 11/02).
CAN> Bold Eagle (old handle Black Eagle, 01/91).
???> Bugjam (gfx, 03/97), CMR (code, 12/93), Ice-T (code), Stormbringer (ex
     WOW, new early 93), Vip (gfx music, triplememb WOW [details] and Padua,
     02-07/98).

Boards; UNDERGROUND ASYLUM (01/91), STATE OF MIND (01/91).

Raiders of the Lost Empire (ROLE) is based in Belgium, and publish the
diskmag 'Rock'n'Role'. Issue #24 is scheduled for early may 1993.
  1990 - Slasher left for Turtles [no entry] in december.
  1991 - January saw Troopy kicked and 'MAX IMPACT' (usa) as the group's new
WHQ board. Black Hawk changed his handle to Bold Eagle, and Belgian Mendrake
joined, all around january.


Rough Trade Inc. (RTI)
----------------------
???> Parabound (ex Paramount, new 12/89).

  1989 - The entire group Channel 42 joined, while coder Raistlin (ex
Excess) joined Nato around september. Parabound joined from Paramount in
december.


Rowdy American Distributors (RAD)
---------------------------------
USA> Anubis (code, 12/87-01/88), Blackhawk (code, 12/87-01/88), Mr. Mister
     (12/87-01/88), Side Sector (12/87-01/88), Stryker (01/88).

Boards; WARES HOUSE (usa, 01-02/88), JUNKYARD (usa, 02/88).

RAD was an American group specializing in importing games from Europe.
Cookie Monster and Alpha Particle disappeared from the memberlist between
december 87 and january 88, while Stryker appeared.


RPG
---
  1994 - Zirc0 (music) and Moloch (code) both doublejoined from F4CG around
september. Uzzy/Incursion (gfx), Chronic Leech (gfx) and Dragon Slayer
(runner, whatever that means) joined this month.


Royalty (-1990)
---------------
SWE> Probe (crack, later Ruthless).
???> Acty (90).

Royalty was a swedish cracking and demo group.
  1990 - The group released a demo for the competition and at least one
crack at the Swedish Elite Easter Conference in april. Goldie, King Fisher,
TDM and possibly some others left to rebuild Rebels around may with Watchman
and Dynamite from Triad. Alfatech likely took over leadership of Royalty
after this. TGD contributed two tunes to the release of Antic's "Explorer
#2" [06/90] in june, and P.Jay was a co-editor on the same mag. Rainman
contributed logos to both "Explorer #2" and "Explorer #3" [07/90]. Royalty
then died around july! Grapple, Alfatech, Iman, Rainman and Iznogoud all
joined Ruthless, TGD changed handle to Orb and joined Flash Inc. Motley was
kicked and is groupless. Swedish swapper P.Jay (05/90) also remains
groupless, and is looking for a new group.


Rule3 (R3)
----------
POL> Warlock (code, triplememb WOW and Schn+Exon, 04/98).

  Cyberdrome (1998, 26.04, File).
  code: Warlock, gfx: Flash/Reflex and Schn+Exon (textures), Astaroth/Agony
  (pic), music: "No Good" by Praiser/Reflex.
  3rd in the Rush Hours 98 demo competition.
  review: Made just to fit some visuals to the music (a cover of The
  Prodigy's "No Good"), this group's first dentro is of limited interest
  only. It's mostly presented in 4x4 resolution with some uninspiring
  effects being performed, like waving the 'pixels'.
    The one-part dentro opens with the option to view a note (code:
  Morris/Agony, gfx: Warlock (font), music: Dr.Voice/Panic (done in 1995, so
  it was probably ripped). If the spacebar isn't pressed in three seconds it
  moves on to the dentro itself. [glenn]


Ruling Company, The (TRC)
-------------------------
N-L> Action Jackson (edit swap, 10/89-01/91), CBA (swap, 07/90-08/95),
     Defbeat (code music, 03/90-01/91).
GER> Don Promillo (01/91).
ENG> Xenon (Lee Jones, 01/91).
???> Macmagix (music, 01/90), Rad (ex Hitmen, new 05/93), Rebel MC (gfx, aka
     RMC, 01/91), Seal (ex Hotline, new late89), Trooper (new 10/93).

Boards; VIRTUAL REALITY WHQ (usa, new 05/93).

  1989 - Seal joined from Hotline towards the end of the year. The two danes
Trap and Sonny (who apparently edits a mag) left for Success at the
Christmas Party 89 in december.
  1991 - January saw Choq selling his machine and leaving the scene, as well
as the release of the tenth issue of "Frontpage" at that month's Venlo
meeting.
  1993 - Cavron joined from Nirvana, while Rad joined from Hitmen in may.
Hellraiser returned to the scene and TRC in may, but quickly changed his
handle to Primus and left for Mayhem. Cavron opened his board under the name
'ENDLESS PIRACY' (later changed, see below). VIRTUAL REALITY was recruited
as the new WHQ. Ironcat (music) left the scene in october, due to his army
service duties. Trooper joined the group and Code 18 and the entire german
section got kicked in the same month. The germans (Jack Alien, Cavron (sysop
'STATE OF THE ART', ex Nirvana), Dr.Disk and Renegade) subsequently joined
Atlantis.

  Junkfood (1990, Demo).

  Frontpage #10 (1991, 26.01, Filemag).
  code: Defbeat, gfx: Rebel MC, music: Hithouse, editor: Action Jackson.
  Released at the Venlo Meeting.
  review: We're stretching the envelope reeeeeeeally long when we call this
  a mag, but that's what TRC is calling it, so... It's really a nicely
  designed wraparound for what is precious little text. The 'mag' part is
  just 5 lines of text in the middle of the screen, with the main attraction
  for the demo freak here the lush audio-visuals...unusually colorful for
  its time. There's not much text, just news and a few movie reviews (keep
  in mind that VHS pirate copies of new films were as big as software piracy
  back then). [glenn]


Rush
----
CZE> Fract (code), Reign (gfx).


Ruthless (1990-1991)
--------------------
HOL> Bill (swap, 12/90), Curse (swap, 07/90), Peter (Peter Venkmann, swap,
     09/90).
SWE> Grapple (swap, ex Royalty, new 07/90), Inxs (Roger Eriksson, swap,
     09/90), Probe (crack, new early91).
???> Dopeman (new 07/90), Alfatech (swe?, ex Royalty, new 07/90), Iman
     (swe?, ex Royalty, new 07/90), Rainman (swe?, gfx, ex Royalty, new
     07/90) and Iznogoud (swe?, ex Royalty, new 07/90).

Ruthless was born in july of 1990, and is a cracker group based in Holland.
They were built by previous members of Manowar (5), ATG (2), TRC (2),
Capitol (5) and Nuclear.
  1990 - Cracker Ghost left for Fairlight around july. Grapple, Alfatech,
Iman, Rainman and Iznogoud all joined after the death of Royalty in july.
Dopeman also joined around july. Derse left for Hitmen, while Brego left for
Bronx in december. The group arranged a copyparty in Utrecht, Holland just
before christmas.
  1991 - They apparently kicked all their german members in january! Swedish
cracker Probe (ex Royalty, Triumph and Omega) joined early in the year, so
there is 6 members in the swedish section now. Ruthless finally died in
april, and almost all members joined Hitmen.

  Mc Jenny (1990, Demo).

